tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65088693655688305602024-02-06T21:05:09.531-05:00Dive into History: The History of Diving Museum Collections BlogAlan Thomashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14694082258840349735noreply@blogger.comBlogger28125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-39295146135741567082013-03-19T15:42:00.006-04:002013-03-19T15:54:17.298-04:00Diving into History at Disney<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Board Member, Patti Gross<br />
Photographed in Mark V Dive gear</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The stated mission of the History of Diving Museum is to “tell the story of man’s quest to explore under the
sea.” Members of the museum’s Board of Directors recently got an opportunity to
bring that mission to life.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A group of professional and commercial divers from around
the country gathers annually at Disney’s EPCOT theme park for an exhibition of
vintage and antique diving gear. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
intention of the program is to educate both guests and staff members about
historic diving equipment while providing a spectacular display of living
history. The program also as provides Disney Castmembers with an opportunity to
dive in vintage gear. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">HDM board member Jon Hazelbaker – a lifelong commercial
diver – has participated in this educational program for the last six years,
diving in his Yokohama hard hat helmet. This year, Hazelbaker was joined by
board president and museum founder Dr. Sally Bauer along with board member
Patti Gross, of Islamorada’s Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla 13-08, who acted as<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Safety Response person. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Both
she and Dr. Bauer dove in historic gear: the traditional Navy Mark V “Deep Sea
Diver” outfit. They also tended the lines – which extended up to 300 feet - and
assisted other divers in the process of donning the cumbersome apparel. Some of
the vintage outfits can add up to 200 lbs. of weight and require two “tenders”
to aid in suiting up. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Altogether, the
group carried nearly 2 tons of equipment to and from the tank’s platform over
the course of the exhibition.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Board Members Jon Hazelbaker, Patti Gross, and Dr. Sally Bauer (dressed in gear)</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Epcot’s Caribbean Coral Reef aquarium in
which the group dove holds 5.7 million gallons of saltwater and is home to over
6,000 sea creatures ranging from</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> turtles and dolphins to eagle rays and sharks. Guests at the
adjacent Coral Reef Restaurant were able to watch the divers from their tables
while other spectators gathered at the 56 panoramic viewing ports for the
demonstrations of historic diving gear. </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Diver being lowered into Epcot's Caribbean Coral Reef Aquarium</td></tr>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">We
at the History of Diving Museum are excited to have participated in this
educational event and look forward to initiating and engaging in similar
demonstrations of vintage equipment, bringing history to life and continuing to
tell the story of man’s quest to explore under the sea. </span></span><br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12888683165742946880noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-60003392574584698832012-10-02T14:16:00.002-04:002012-11-01T14:28:56.824-04:00Commercial Diving<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
The History of Diving Museum is home to thousands of artifacts that represent the rich and long history of the sport of diving. I am the new intern Jonathon and I will be at the museum through October. During my first week at the museum, the Commercial Diving exhibit caught my eye and I wanted to take a closer look into the field of commercial diving.</div>
One of the most unique aspects of commercial diving is its long history. Beginning around the 16th century, people began diving not only to explore the ocean, but for commercial purposes like the salvage of wrecks, retrieving lost cargo, and to repair and maintain underwater structures. Through time, the commercial applications of diving have become known internationally and are currently practiced all over the world. The main “branches” of commercial diving are offshore, inland, scientific and nuclear diving. Offshore and inland diving being the most popular, focus on underwater welding and maintenance. This is why you see most commercial divers working on oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico and at busy ports throughout the world.<br />
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">The Commercial Diving exhibit at HDM</span></strong></div>
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Why are they needed?</h2>
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If you think about it, who in their right mind would want to dive 700 feet underwater in areas not only unknown to humans but also pitch black? In my opinion, this is the most interesting part of commercial diving: trusting your equipment and yourself hundreds of feet underwater while performing tasks that require extreme skill and concentration. With that in mind, commercial divers are also trained as welders and mechanics. In the field of commercial diving, welding is very broad and important. It can consist of welding ships, repairing pipes, welding bridges and many other challenging tasks. To put the importance of commercial divers into perspective, the Golden gate bridge is one of the most beautifully built and well constructed bridges in the world. Many people do not know that it was constructed and is still maintained by commercial divers. Bridges, pipelines, and oil rigs need to be closely watched and maintained and without commercial divers this would be an almost impossible task. The maintenance of bridges, dams and oil rigs requires certain skills that are demanding and difficult – requiring the commercial diver to be a very skilled and knowledgeable individual. As a result, divers in this field are highly sought, extremely valued, and well-paid. Universities all over the world provide programs that give students the skills to become commercial divers. These programs are challenging, difficult and in the end provide sustainable jobs for people around the globe.</div>
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Kirby Morgan SuperLite</h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsMFkcgKFSoTVldpjcYEG-X_q8HozblKZmow8NRZYHxI1aBZdtgZZAiR8j5-JB3LI7AK_ij50JxiBPUvkrWJFdxMX80QbYNI2-8cPtcAaBpabXBjUU5sPcxuCoB3dEhb5Zr_TsQoeiWM1D/s1600/superlite.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" mea="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsMFkcgKFSoTVldpjcYEG-X_q8HozblKZmow8NRZYHxI1aBZdtgZZAiR8j5-JB3LI7AK_ij50JxiBPUvkrWJFdxMX80QbYNI2-8cPtcAaBpabXBjUU5sPcxuCoB3dEhb5Zr_TsQoeiWM1D/s1600/superlite.jpg" /></a><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 174pt; left: 0px; margin-left: -2.25pt; margin-top: 21.75pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 238.5pt; z-index: 1;" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="superlite" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\TEMP\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"></v:imagedata><w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square"></w:wrap></v:shape> At the center of HDM’s Commercial Diving exhibit is a Kirby-Morgan SuperLite. The SuperLite is currently one of the most widely used helmets in commercial diving and has become the industry standard. Considered the most advanced helmet today, it combines many different elements that create comfort and durability for divers. The SuperLite is equipped with a communication system, a helmet shell and ring which prevent exposure to water, and a SuperFlow regulator which provides controlled an easy breathing for the diver. The Superlight is also unique due to its ability to hold specialty items. In this picture, the superlight is equipped with a camera and light. The light is useful for providing illumination in dark depths while the camera is used for research and documentation. These are just a few of the tools used by commercial divers – many of which are on display in the exhibit.</div>
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<strong><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Aquanaut Dewey Smith's Kirby Morgan </span></strong></div>
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</span></span></span>Sadly, the helmet in the exhibit once belonged to aquanaut Dewey Smith – a research diver at the nearby Aquarius Reef Base. Dewey lost his life in May of 2009 due to a re-breather malfunction. His helmet was donated to the museum by his parents in his memory, and serves as a poignant reminder of the ever-present dangers involved in the field of commercial diving. <br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">ADCI HOF (Association of Diving Contractors International Hall of Fame)</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span></span>Also located in the exhibit is the Commercial Diving Hall of Fame Monument. The CDHoF was established in 2003, nominating and inducting divers that have made a substantial contribution to the field of Commercial Diving. The monument can be seen in the History of Diving Museum year round with the exception of the annual induction ceremony in New Orleans when it is crated up and shipped to Louisiana.<o:p></o:p>
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You’ll see all this and more when you visit the History of Diving Museum, explore the Commercial Diving exhibit and immerse yourself in hundreds of years of diving history! -Jon</div>
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Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12888683165742946880noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-61642421396844197502012-08-17T14:20:00.000-04:002012-11-01T14:32:20.806-04:00Iron Mike<br />
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<v:imagedata o:title="Iron Mike Opening at Waist" src="file:///C:\Users\Erin\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg">
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</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape>One
of the museum’s most popular items is the one atmosphere diving suit known as
Iron Mike. But who is this lovable steel giant?
What can he do? What has he done
in his lifetime? Find out the answers to these questions and more in this blog!</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAdF0OqwVVPSbAoyIGPes0AtMOamywtRCC4wRJ1dRs03BCwI-p5sn60lkVxlfECSNK8QJcTeu-s2lk5qVontu4gbb6pEcNTyIkQZMyqX5zKrv-Dch19wK7CyMFD5GTb7jBw6W3jwSCGJmW/s1600/Iron+Mike+Opening+at+Waist.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAdF0OqwVVPSbAoyIGPes0AtMOamywtRCC4wRJ1dRs03BCwI-p5sn60lkVxlfECSNK8QJcTeu-s2lk5qVontu4gbb6pEcNTyIkQZMyqX5zKrv-Dch19wK7CyMFD5GTb7jBw6W3jwSCGJmW/s320/Iron+Mike+Opening+at+Waist.JPG" width="206" /></a></div>
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<h2>
Who Is
Iron Mike?<o:p></o:p></h2>
Interestingly, Iron Mike wasn’t
actually called “Iron Mike” when he was first patented. Thomas Patrick (‘T.P.’) Connelly, inventor
and president of the Empire Marine Salvage and Engineering Company, had dubbed
the 675-pound steel diving suit “Eleanor” when it was first patented in 1935.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="">[1]</a> It wasn’t until a few years later that
“Eleanor” came to be known as “Iron Mike”. <o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
Connelly designed Iron Mike to be able
to be constantly submerged at depths of several hundred feet for approximately
four hours before needing to resurface and restock on supplies, such as
air. Iron Mike’s steel body is also
designed so that even at great depths the suit will remain upright. The diver inside the suit may bend over by
throwing his weight to one side, but as soon as he lets up on the pressure,
Iron Mike will stand straight up again.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="">[2]</a> In the open air Iron Mike’s copper arms and
legs move with great difficulty. But as
the water pressure increases the further down Iron Mike is submerged in water,
the arms and legs become more flexible and allow for fairly free movement for
the diver.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="">[3]</a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<o:p> </o:p>Iron Mike was the first deep sea
diving suit of his time to open at the waist.
The claw-like hands of Iron Mike have levers inside the arms for the
diver to operate. They have individual
digits that allow for them to grasp even delicate materials with precision and
care.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="">[4]</a> Iron Mike’s arms and head
are equipped with high-powered underwater lights, which use a total of 7,000
watts of energy, to illuminate the dark waters so the diver inside can see
outside the suit.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title="">[5]</a> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8wHDzQjSW3hchnSwC7pYcPSUUNz8dxfZ_jQbM4WSmzj24efx1A7KBNbLb5EzNpMqjYXYVSsI-0b6OxDpknAX5XobW1KNIsZHdzWwVZZXDfve8sTztfGB9spt80JG3hVZciKRUQlT66pGI/s1600/Iron+Mike's+Hands.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8wHDzQjSW3hchnSwC7pYcPSUUNz8dxfZ_jQbM4WSmzj24efx1A7KBNbLb5EzNpMqjYXYVSsI-0b6OxDpknAX5XobW1KNIsZHdzWwVZZXDfve8sTztfGB9spt80JG3hVZciKRUQlT66pGI/s320/Iron+Mike's+Hands.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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There is no hose to connect Iron Mike
to an air pump on the surface. Instead,
the inside of Iron Mike is equipped with an oxygen tank as well as a bottle of soda
lime, or some other material, which absorbs carbon dioxide and other harmful
gasses that people exhale.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title="">[6]</a> <o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<br />
There are also gauges in the suit that
the diver can easily read to determine the pressure in the suit and the oxygen
tank. Although there is no hose to
connect the surface to Iron Mike for air supply, the inside of the suit is
equipped with so-called “phones” for communication, which would be connected to
the supply ship on the surface to the diving suit by a cable.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title="">[7]</a> This cable is delicate and could not be used
to lower Iron Mike into or raise him from the water, however. Instead, there is an attachment on top of his
head that a strong, reinforced 2,000 foot cable would be hooked to and operated
from the supply ship.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title="">[8]</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_Ai7io1lTN4VnauoNgYTxE08yco3cN9u5plLyvp2rBefTvF-9kAfqwCeL0l_JqL7qA55xmaWRNb3t5KCe9iB0wrFMx3Y51uewdwaVfdxsoDckik6O8FDhpF6cD0tMPp32x6P-vatHuw2D/s1600/ironmike_pic.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_Ai7io1lTN4VnauoNgYTxE08yco3cN9u5plLyvp2rBefTvF-9kAfqwCeL0l_JqL7qA55xmaWRNb3t5KCe9iB0wrFMx3Y51uewdwaVfdxsoDckik6O8FDhpF6cD0tMPp32x6P-vatHuw2D/s320/ironmike_pic.png" width="217" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></b><br />
<h2>
What
Has Iron Mike Done?<o:p></o:p></h2>
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In September of 1934, T.P. Connelly
and the Empire Marine Salvage and Engineering Company sent diver Roy Hansen
inside Iron Mike down to search for the Hussar,
a British ship said to have sunk in the East River near the Hell Gate Bridge in
New York City in 1780. The frigate has
been claimed to hold 2-4 million dollars in gold and silver. However, a month into the investigation, Iron
Mike and the Empire Marine Salvage and Engineering Corporation were pulled from
the waters because Simon Lake, the inventor of the submarine, had apparently
bought the rights to dive for the Hussar
a couple years before and did not want anyone else to find the ship.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title="">[9]</a> Unfortunately for Mr. Lake, the Hussar has yet to be found to this day
and still remains a mystery to divers from all over the world.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNJ7OYZnmH4ycz9e76DCcUv4tnH39C9DxpwrrqeAagszrQDlknLgUMkV7v4devaGuv4Mafb-CLNe5i7QjcMInUjCtgCLKmWZVyrxMJ0CZoipU66XKffGH2gQ9J_q-etl_xGqI_fsUw8p4A/s1600/Iron+Mike+Dive+to+the+Hussar.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNJ7OYZnmH4ycz9e76DCcUv4tnH39C9DxpwrrqeAagszrQDlknLgUMkV7v4devaGuv4Mafb-CLNe5i7QjcMInUjCtgCLKmWZVyrxMJ0CZoipU66XKffGH2gQ9J_q-etl_xGqI_fsUw8p4A/s320/Iron+Mike+Dive+to+the+Hussar.PNG" width="277" /></a></div>
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In 1936 Roy Hansen and Iron Mike had a
little bit more success. The frigate Merida, reportedly carrying between 4
million and 26 million dollars in gold and silver bullion as well as the crown
jewels of the Mexican Emperor Maximilian, had been struck by the Admiral Farragut and sunk off the
Virginia Capes in 1911 down to a depth of 250 feet.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title="">[10]</a> Iron Mike was sent down in August of 1936 to
try to bring up some of the treasure lost on the Merida, and was successful in salvaging part of the ship,<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title="">[11]</a> although ultimately the
expedition failed to salvage much of anything valuable.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title="">[12]</a></div>
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In a flooded quarry near Pen Argyl, a
landlocked town in eastern Pennsylvania, a 13-year-old boy drowned in early
September of 1936. Iron Mike, according
to a claim made by diver Roy Hansen, dove down to a “record” depth of 510 feet
in the quarry in order to retrieve the boy’s body from the water. Only a few other diving suits, all of which
were foreign-made, had recorded dives as deep as that made by Iron Mike. Iron Mike was the first American-made one
atmosphere diving suit to reach that depth as of his 1936 dive.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title="">[13]</a></div>
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These are only a few of the features
and highlights of the life of Iron Mike found only in the History of Diving
Museum! Come on by to meet this
noteworthy iron suit! </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJXR_BjZpPfe4U-W4Zad29_AjZ_eEl2zhs3HvQTJJS17_49Df8nTeuudUgxnKpzKPJIXagUEauqzOSllcMTogtsAkLd9e_szI-yc6q6YLhqQjAuScup2Ezehor1E4PllA8bR5Ouijh667J/s1600/Iron+Mike+in+the+Smuggler's+Shop+in+NJ.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJXR_BjZpPfe4U-W4Zad29_AjZ_eEl2zhs3HvQTJJS17_49Df8nTeuudUgxnKpzKPJIXagUEauqzOSllcMTogtsAkLd9e_szI-yc6q6YLhqQjAuScup2Ezehor1E4PllA8bR5Ouijh667J/s320/Iron+Mike+in+the+Smuggler's+Shop+in+NJ.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br /></div>
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hussar</i> October 13, 1934, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The New Yorker</i>, pg 22; see also <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gold at Hell Gate</i> October 8, 1934, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Time Magazine</i> </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Connelly, Thomas Patrick <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deep Sea Diving
Suit Patent 2,018,511 October 22, 1935 (application date July 6, 1934), </i>pg
4<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gold at Hell Gate </i>October 8, 1934, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Time Magazine; </i>see also Connelly, Thomas
Patrick <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deep Sea Diving Suit Patent
2,018,511 October 22, 1935 (application date July 6, 1934), </i>pg 5, 6</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">
Connelly, Thomas Patrick <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deep Sea Diving
Suit Patent 2,018,511 October 22, 1935 (application date July 6, 1934), </i>pg
4, 5</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Revolutionary Treasure to be Sought in New
York </i>October 20, 1934, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Science
News-Letter</i>, Vol. 26, No. 706,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pg
254; see also Connelly, Thomas Patrick <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deep
Sea Diving Suit Patent 2,018,511 October 22, 1935 (application date July 6,
1934), </i>pg 5</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
Connelly, Thomas Patrick <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deep Sea Diving
Suit Patent 2,018,511 October 22, 1935 (application date July 6, 1934), </i>pg
4<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">
Connelly, Thomas Patrick <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deep Sea Diving
Suit Patent 2,018,511 October 22, 1935 (application date July 6, 1934), </i>pg
4-5</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gold at
Hell Gate </i>October 8, 1934, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Time
Magazine</i>; see also Connelly, Thomas Patrick <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deep Sea Diving Suit Patent 2,018,511 October 22, 1935 (application
date July 6, 1934), </i>pg 4, 6</span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Revolutionary Treasure to be Sought in New
York </i>October 20, 1934, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Science
News-Letter</i>, Vol. 26, No. 706,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pg
254; see also <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hussar </i>October 13,
1934, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The New Yorker</i>, pg 22; see also
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">East River Gold Seekers Ordered to
Abandon Jobs </i>October 15, 1934, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Milwaukee Journal</i></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Merida Passengers Tell of Her Loss</i> May
14, 1911, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The New York Times<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ship Sails to Hunt Lost Crown Gems </i>August
21, 1936, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The New York Times</i></span></span></div>
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<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">
Mills, Charles A. 1984, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Treasure Legends
of Virginia,</i> Apple Cheeks Press: Alexandria, VA, pg. 78</span></div>
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<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6508869365568830560#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Record Deep Dive Claimed by Commercial Diver
</i>October 3, 1936, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Science
News-Letter</i>, Vol. 30, No. 808, pg 217; see also <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Makes Record Dive Bangor, PA </i>September 18, 1936, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">El Paso Herald Post</i></span></span></div>
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Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12888683165742946880noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-3383324805880600032012-07-25T15:04:00.001-04:002012-11-01T14:44:04.527-04:00The Writing on the Wall<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
On February 29, 2012 the ribbon was cut for the Bauer Diving Research Library. The personal collection of Museum founders Drs. Joe and Sally Bauer includes some of the earliest published accounts of the story of undersea exploration and is decorated with unique wall hangings. Visitors to the museum are first shown into our Research Library for a short three minute video about the exhibits. Guests can browse through the room and take a closer look at the shelves and other ephemera items along its walls. Today we had a pleasant comment from one of our French visitors on the French Banner located near the rare books section. He smiled and said he had never seen a banner like this before and towards the end of the visit exclaimed that not only was he impressed with the collection but also with this particular item. The banner he was referring to was this one: </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUCUo9I5am80zh8nWNg8MIamC6M7MqtZ6xIMhXXYtpt56v41slARh-_nLw0uhBOVC3i8bhEoh1ujC2-i26WmezYF5IXjCWwgjnrUmHoJ5COVqHWSDv01sAK73MTf4gW_n-G4VlKFuOOKLG/s1600/French+Banner+on+wall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUCUo9I5am80zh8nWNg8MIamC6M7MqtZ6xIMhXXYtpt56v41slARh-_nLw0uhBOVC3i8bhEoh1ujC2-i26WmezYF5IXjCWwgjnrUmHoJ5COVqHWSDv01sAK73MTf4gW_n-G4VlKFuOOKLG/s320/French+Banner+on+wall.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Banner on display in the Bauer Research Library</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRWkmYTxGWsIQl39_yoOBlrwERMXPdJvAnHulbzrm5KcbwVCW0dRVc07SBW_0tkYgL5ewf-jiNCx-SYG1kQLoAZMTU6d6JfIx7W-wffjRXs5gc2yPQivGXvu0rJFn8nOfToC86C_Wujl9Y/s1600/PC150069.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRWkmYTxGWsIQl39_yoOBlrwERMXPdJvAnHulbzrm5KcbwVCW0dRVc07SBW_0tkYgL5ewf-jiNCx-SYG1kQLoAZMTU6d6JfIx7W-wffjRXs5gc2yPQivGXvu0rJFn8nOfToC86C_Wujl9Y/s320/PC150069.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo from the HDM vault of museum founder, Dr. Sally Bauer holding the banner</td></tr>
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The gentleman read the banner and said that he will try to explain in what he called his “broken English” to translate; he mentioned that it was about an association. He paused and started describing with his hands a deep sea diver and said it was in a port near Normandy, the sight of D-Day, North West of Paris. According to an archivist from Le Havre that we have been in contact with, “Union Amicale Des Scaphandriers & Aides Le Havre” translates as “The friendly association of helpers for the divers of the city of Le Havre.” The banner is believed to be Samite, a luxurious but heavy silk fabric that is often weaved with gold and silver thread. We do believe the thread is real silver and was made before 1910. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2d3HGn6g8t8GFDKa8jaosauoQpW2Aw_Cezexw8PeYvS15wXwPWt6YPhCFjbt9AuTpE0s4bu078h2qKw3YBSIIhd9yHAWapjDzauqmIxF9UgIhVhkMHZYvf53vRpcPhrElty9_0XJwUcGg/s1600/PC150061.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2d3HGn6g8t8GFDKa8jaosauoQpW2Aw_Cezexw8PeYvS15wXwPWt6YPhCFjbt9AuTpE0s4bu078h2qKw3YBSIIhd9yHAWapjDzauqmIxF9UgIhVhkMHZYvf53vRpcPhrElty9_0XJwUcGg/s320/PC150061.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-SKXpRqM5bfvzKIKM_nQyIAoDdt3awrOfrXUO4WIScqYrd3MXQ16kDap1Ln69fbwxSr8sQRQ4urhcmrmZne7YSi9DHmR9tQkPdzcJtrGfR6AQuh6wK84mujyRs6f9RGZ7oUox4hqKGAS2/s1600/PC150058.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-SKXpRqM5bfvzKIKM_nQyIAoDdt3awrOfrXUO4WIScqYrd3MXQ16kDap1Ln69fbwxSr8sQRQ4urhcmrmZne7YSi9DHmR9tQkPdzcJtrGfR6AQuh6wK84mujyRs6f9RGZ7oUox4hqKGAS2/s320/PC150058.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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It is believed that this society was formed by the families and friends of divers who were killed or injured. The banner was carried in annual procession during holy ceremonies for the Virgin Mary since the original name of the port was The Port of Grace. We are currently trying to find out more details on this particular banner. We will be sure to update you as things develop!</div>
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On the opposite wall are some interesting pieces of ephemera items. The main piece that catches visitor’s eyes are the diver cigarette cards.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg00wZ3nQVJqR_cTVzmLiG4O83QhSoCe-hmGt27FWA5g8U4t32uInWKooH_Zx6sZ_o9FOTSHFbjSTb-Lz2TngP7SqCsv98LZkm6y-Zvak0pgJqTQxuK2ovNJeSKwhGWzgMbrwukwpbYnO0r/s1600/Ephemera+Wall+Library.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg00wZ3nQVJqR_cTVzmLiG4O83QhSoCe-hmGt27FWA5g8U4t32uInWKooH_Zx6sZ_o9FOTSHFbjSTb-Lz2TngP7SqCsv98LZkm6y-Zvak0pgJqTQxuK2ovNJeSKwhGWzgMbrwukwpbYnO0r/s320/Ephemera+Wall+Library.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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The cards were used to reinforce and add structural support to the cigarette boxes during the late 19th century. The cigarette boxes during this time were made of paper and easily deteriorated. At first some cigarette companies used the cards to advertise but later cigarette companies such as Allen and Ginter in the U.S created general interest cards. Since men were the majority of smokers, many popular subjects included famous actresses, cars and sports. In Britain, W.D. & H.O. Wills also began to produce general interest cards in 1895. This is very similar to what later developed as trading cards during the 1930’s. Although they were discontinued after World War II to save paper, one company has started printing them again. The museum managed to acquire the Deep Sea Diver cigarette cards from Victoria Gallery. They were made in 1993 and contain 50 deep sea diver related cards. They are also available for purchase in the museum store. Now you can start collecting too!<br />
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More information about each of these cards can be located on this website: <a href="http://www.ukdivers.net/history/cigcards.htm">http://www.ukdivers.net/history/cigcards.htm</a></div>
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Please feel free to ask about any items in the Library or Museum or if you would like to make a comment about our collection please do so, we would love to read them!</div>
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Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12888683165742946880noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-13991713067711568562012-06-30T16:40:00.000-04:002012-07-02T10:12:50.413-04:00Pictures from Below: The Development of Underwater Photography<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stephen Frink and I!</td></tr>
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Hello there, my name is Denisse and I will be spending most of the summer working in the History of Diving Museum alongside Amber getting first-hand experience in museum operations and non-profit administration. I am very lucky to have joined such a welcoming, fun and knowledgeable staff here at the museum. (Not to exclude a small schnauzer named Simi and local house cat, Mrs.Snickers of course.) The first event in the many to come was the Seminar series that just occurred last Wednesday. It featured Stephen Frink who is a brilliant underwater photographer and got me thinking more about the subject of Underwater Photography. These days underwater cameras have a variety of uses. Underwater cameras can be used for archeological, scientific, building and even artistic purposes. They are also a method of documenting marine life, cave systems, and landscapes. </div>
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I decided to take a deeper look into our museum collection and found that it began with William Bauer, a German inventor during the Crimean War in 1865 who was the first to try and capture images underwater by taking photos through the portholes in the submarine. Also in the same year, according to the British Society of Underwater Photographers, the first underwater photograph was taken by William Thompson using a housed plate camera that was lowered to the seabed and operated from a boat. Thompson was inspired by the possibility of using underwater photography to assess the damage done to bridges in times of flood. However it wasn’t until 1893 that the first real underwater photograph was taken by Dr. Louis Boutan. An article by John Humphrey in Science states that Dr.Boutan earned a doctorate in sciences from the University of Paris and had his first diving experience in Banyuls-sur-Mer when they invited him to use the laboratory’s diving suit. He, like many divers, found himself fascinated by the underwater landscape and wanted to capture it. He proceeded to invent a camera that sustained the pressure of the water and had external controls allowing him to operate the camera underwater. Thus the first photos taken underwater emerged after a long 30 minute exposure and up to a depth of 50 meters. Here is a self-portrait of Louis Boutan I managed to dig up from the HDM photo vault, including one of Stephen Frink holding a replica of Boutan's design!</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Footlight MT Light", "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Stephen Frink holding a replica of the camera casing invented by Dr.L Boutan in 1893.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Footlight MT Light", "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">© Stephen Frink/stephenfrinkphoto.com</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0NksXZxKdZsgropkHeaHnTCnpXivbNJsZJ2EzZ1oEcyVdPP1FVUjgwY4d96kJ52ngvaOhd-Myn8pL8_w4WvSy8kJZ5UPzOLj2Ace0PlMPLex8bHghy_PnrgEVGUcbUW31H6OEOACxuFj_/s1600/LBoutan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0NksXZxKdZsgropkHeaHnTCnpXivbNJsZJ2EzZ1oEcyVdPP1FVUjgwY4d96kJ52ngvaOhd-Myn8pL8_w4WvSy8kJZ5UPzOLj2Ace0PlMPLex8bHghy_PnrgEVGUcbUW31H6OEOACxuFj_/s1600/LBoutan.jpg" style="cursor: move;" unselectable="on" vca="true" /></a>Now that the impossible had become possible there still remained the problem with lighting and “back-scatter.” Back-scatter refers to the reflection of tiny particles in the water. To diffuse this he invented a magnesium lamp to improve lighting and added a blue filter in front of the lens. And like all devices, underwater cameras have been improved upon and have developed enough to be used to film underwater. The first underwater films occurred in the early 1900’s by Jack Williamson who used a submersible sphere to create a film set underwater. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Footlight MT Light", "serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Submersible sphere by Jack Williamson</span></td></tr>
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This would lead to the making of Jules Verne’s classic, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Other, more compact devices for filming developed in the 1930’s by Yves Le Prieur. Now that underwater housing for camera equipment had developed, it was time to tackle the issue of color. Let it be known that it was here in Florida Keys where the first color photo was taken! Dr. William Longley and National Geographic staff photographer Charles Martin captured a color photo of a hogfish in 1926. The next significant figure is Hans Hass whose special housings and other inventions in the 1940’s led to a higher quality and overall improvement in the field. It was not long before a consumer friendly underwater camera joined the market.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Footlight MT Light", "serif";">This photo features Hans Hass using one of his cameras.</span></div>
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Nikon developed the first commercial cameras in 1960’s, the first of which was the Calypso followed by the Nikonos. Although it was discontinued in 2001 the museum has a Nikonos III which is able to take photos up to 50 meters in depth and is all weather proof!</div>
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The museum also has some of the camera housings used by Art McKee and a modern underwater camera by Amphibico Inc!</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Art McKee's underwater camera housing</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Footlight MT Light;"> Amphibico Inc</span></td></tr>
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We hope you can join us as all of these can be seen as you tour the South Florida Room here in the museum! </div>Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12888683165742946880noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-12352692052440142902012-06-26T13:58:00.000-04:002012-11-01T15:04:48.133-04:00Adventures in Greek and Roman Diving<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="border: currentColor; line-height: normal;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">When you walk into the History of Diving Museum, you are met with information and artifacts that have been salvaged from under the sea dating to the Greco-Roman period and even earlier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will encounter an intact amphora (a Greek/Roman storage jar) and an amphora fragment that still has some olives in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, these items have been retrieved by modern divers and archaeologists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What about in ancient Greek and Roman times?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What did they do?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We know from the segment of Aristotle and the image of the wall carving depicting men swimming underwater with air sacs on display in the museum that divers existed 2000+ years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But how did they manage to deal with things like changing water pressure, how far could they dive, and under what circumstances were they diving to begin with?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of the sources of information we have that survive today regarding ancient Greek and Roman divers are literary, but this blog will serve to make some sense out of all the information and shed some light on the mysterious world of Greek and Roman diving!</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">THE INNOVATIVE GREEK AND ROMAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">First, let’s explore how some of the divers prepared themselves for ‘the plunge.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the ancient Greek work <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Problems</i>, which has been attributed to the 4<sup>th</sup> century BCE Greek philosopher Aristotle (although it is not certain whether he was actually the author of the work), some very fascinating diving techniques of the Greeks are described.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For instance, divers would puncture their eardrums <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">on purpose</i> before they dove so that they wouldn’t have to worry about the changing water pressure the further down they went.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They could just weigh themselves down with a rock and sink to the bottom without wasting time dealing with the pressure on their ears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some divers would also shove sponges or even oil in their ears to prevent the water from getting in (32.2-11)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Plutarch (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">De Primo Frigido</i>, 950B), a Greek-turned-Roman philosopher of the 1<sup>st</sup> century CE, and Oppian (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Halieutica,</i> V.638, 646), a Roman poet of the 2<sup>nd</sup> century CE, both mention that divers would take a mouthful of oil before each dive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They claim that when the diver reached the bottom of their dive, they would spit out the oil so that he could see more clearly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They did not have helmets or protective lenses to aid in their sight in salt water, so they had to improvise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some modern scholars, however, such as Dr. Frank J. Frost, have suggested that ancient Greek and Roman divers would take oil in their mouths for an entirely different reason.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They argue that the divers would force the oil up through their eustachian tubes, the tubes that connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear, in order to protect their sensitive ear tissue from exposure to salt water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There does not seem to be any literary or archaeological evidence to prove this theory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, if it does turn out to be true that the ancient Greek and Roman divers used oil this way, it could indicate that they had a more sophisticated understanding of human physiology than what many of the extant literary sources suggest. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Although there do not seem to be too many dangerous predators in the Mediterranean sea today, ancient historians claim that sharks were a definite problem for divers and even discuss ways in which divers tried to keep themselves safe from the carnivorous animal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For instance, the Roman historian Aelian, writing in the late 2<sup>nd</sup>/early 3<sup>rd</sup> century CE, states in his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">De Natura Animalium </i>(On the Nature of Animals) that divers would blacken their hands and feet in order to try to avoid a loss of a limb from a shark attack (15.11).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What makes this interesting is that to this day it is a widespread belief that sharks are discouraged by dark colors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pliny the Elder, a Roman philosopher and author from the 1<sup>st</sup> century CE, figured out something that modern divers know – that swimming directly at sharks can scare them away (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Natural History</i> IX.152-3).</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">SO, HOW DEEP COULD THEY GO?</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Another thing that modern scholars have been fascinated about regarding ancient Greek and Roman diving has been how deep the divers could have gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dives of 90 feet, according to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rhodian Sea-Law</i> (III.47), were well within ancient Greek and Roman divers’ ranges. Isidore of Charax (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Athenaeus</i> 3.93E) mentions pearl divers in the Persian Gulf who descended to 120 feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While ancient literary sources must be taken with a grain of salt regarding the accuracy of the information given (ancient historians did like to exaggerate!), compared to modern ‘primitive’ divers, 90 feet for a dive does not seem that unreasonable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">DIVING AS A BUSINESS</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Diving was a way of life for many poor men in Greece and Rome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The most common form of diving was for sponges, then the murex for ‘purple’ dye, and pearls, among other plants and animals common in the Mediterranean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rhodian Sea-Law</i> (III.47-8)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, </i>divers could keep part of their findings, depending on the depth at which they salvaged the objects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For instance, if gold, silver, or some other type of material was found at 8 fathoms (48 feet) down, the diver could keep 1/3 of what he found.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the objects were salvaged from 15 fathoms (90 feet) deep, then the diver could keep half, because of the danger to the diver that deep under water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, if items were washed ashore or found 1 cubit (approximately 18 inches) below the surface of the water, then the diver could only keep 1/10 of what was found.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Diving in antiquity wasn’t just something that poor men did to earn a few drachmas, but was also a business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were several corporations that were devoted to fishing and diving and were very competitive, especially in the Roman economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Diving was also used for military operations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For instance, the earliest known documented organized military dive took place during the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 5<sup>th</sup> century BCE Greek historian Thucydides writes that when the Spartans were being attacked on the island of Sphacteria, divers from the mainland were sent down to bypass the Athenian blockade and bring food and supplies to the besieged Spartan troops (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History of the Peloponnesian War</i> IV.26).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thucydides also describes an instance in which the military of Syracuse drove stakes into the bottom of the harbor around their anchorage to prevent Athenian triremes (a ship with three rows of oars) from getting through.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Athenians, however, sent divers to go down and cut through the stakes so that their ships could get through (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">HPW</i> VII.25.6-8).</span></div>
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Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12888683165742946880noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-6978524515674911892012-01-22T13:38:00.008-05:002012-01-22T17:32:33.917-05:00One Hundred Years Ago Today...<div><br /><div>...Henry Flagler rode a train all the way to Key West. Today we don't think too much of driving over a seemingly endless chain of islands and bridges as we drive from Florida's mainland to Key West (with a stop at the History of Diving Museum on the way, of course). But in 1912, it was a very big deal. Nothing like it had ever been attempted. </div><br /><div><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 315px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5700577228137571026" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdGmCD22VpQN2HUr2tSlTNHC6ntPS1M5wUB9XoMelW1XkQf7HRE6QWBiMHupgqWjaRLQ0anSyqoqpsulZpS7ZU1VhHuIqAI8Njtb6zEfjkUwF3gEVRASacrJQh2ErYKrN-AB0TEvrMZXs6/s400/overseas-railroad.jpg" /></div><br /><div>The Key West Extension of the Florida Keys Over-Sea Railway was called "Flagler's Folly,"a nod to the fact that many thought it was an impossible feat. But Flagler proved them all wrong on January 22, 1912 when he and wife, Mary Lily, rolled into town on a special Pullman sleeping car. After seven years of setbacks, Flagler's dream had finally come true. For a complete historical timeline of the Florida Keys Over-Sea Railroad, visit this website: <a href="http://www.flaglerkeys100.com/fec-railroad-overseas-extension">http://www.flaglerkeys100.com/fec-railroad-overseas-extension</a><br /><br /></div><br /><div><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 276px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5700577229488488194" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVC7NuyjAlh93noJhgm1DTRPkgcV2Tkv6mKHxxi6sReDbsGty0toLnrbvfZXJh5SSqdHOOdOzqrDbZTG56OOKmIn5iGIvmZPQ-FjLw7wMrnyp05JaN_dlyxRiG-vTtfzCbce-klrh0K1Az/s400/overseas02.jpg" /></div><br /><div>As this month marks the centennial of this occassion, there has been an upsurge in this (almost) unbelievable story. Several new books have been published, new documentaries produced, and a host of special events held to commemorate this special anniversary.<br /></div><br /><div><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 268px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5700574376757532402" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Qa_t_s1Q3dhZfSqpS0Rr35FWbIzrOp8T-AtYhaxXyydzYnRDs76cPPM97OL-zCpC3lNaGWpi9HAFojmT_YqQZ1KS4GK8AuPhIk1rrsokH3g6koD3DY3tp-fiyM-PMRtDG934GtatF1e1/s400/Flagler+Railroad+Divers+2.jpg" /></div><br /><div>One thing that hasn't changed much is that we still know very little about the divers who were involved in building the Over-Sea Railroad. There are only two known photographs showing divers from this project. Both are from the collection of the Pigeon Key Foundation.</div><br /><div></div><br /><br /><br /><div><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 316px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5700574383387701218" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA0mfISt_U0E6hcK5iCnV7wegB616xTZcdajCB5kkAbjWM0MG4qGvdDfTnoaO_w1urjvM1_F472L91pPYDzuPQ3EYLWCFC9du1xsWMRtM2G1RYXz1HX97eSnwl9HuTR1tmmEyns7I_r7P_/s400/Pigeon+Key+Divers+2.JPG" /></div></div><br /><br /><br /><p>The Miller-Dunn Divinhood was just coming into popularity at this time, but the divers who worked on Flagler's Railroad wore hard helmets bolted to canvas suits. In other words, they were full-dressed divers. Note the large air pumps in the two photos below. A lot of man power was needed to allow the divers simply to breathe.</p><br /><p>We hope you enjoyed these photos. They are staff favorites here at the History of Diving Museum. As always, we're looking for more, so let us know if you know of any other photos of divers from this project or era.</p><br /><p>Happy Centennial, Henry!</p><br /><p>-Erin<br />Interim Director/Manager of Collections and Administration </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-86155241825071658262011-12-20T16:27:00.014-05:002012-01-09T12:25:51.552-05:00Under Pressure: Decompression ChambersI have to admit, decompression sickness and hyperbaric medicine are two things I know very little about. They are both complex subjects, so I'm very thankful - and grateful - for the doctors who are able to utilize pressurized chambers and oxygen, a gas that we all breathe every single day, to save lives.<br /><br />Decompression sickness (DCS) is a very serious issue for our sport. Originally coined 'caissons' disease' in the 19th century, it was first discovered in bridge construction workers who experienced joint pain upon returning from working in pressurized enclosures (caissons) at the bottom of rivers and lakes. Today it is commonly referred to as "the bends."<br /><br />Here at the History of Diving Museum, we have two decompression chambers. The one below is located just outside our building and dates to the 1960's. It features a very simple cylindrical design and two view ports to observe the patient.<br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 240px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5688326915432167474" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL5n8oRv6A34C44AV_5wo8MoPxTXuKAh3MK2XfXBk75fN7U10TgLbXjs4RFrq4-DxFuiROA1CdAPAASi-vFd7gTCwe38RbYF_hegtvGT8IkYPYVxbmuTEHgzGDptYGsr9hUpULXXryKvFN/s320/DSCN1758.JPG" /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL5n8oRv6A34C44AV_5wo8MoPxTXuKAh3MK2XfXBk75fN7U10TgLbXjs4RFrq4-DxFuiROA1CdAPAASi-vFd7gTCwe38RbYF_hegtvGT8IkYPYVxbmuTEHgzGDptYGsr9hUpULXXryKvFN/s1600/DSCN1758.JPG"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 240px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5688330969423754450" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwC1D91b79NyJxuwO6_AZ4IVcSAIQDkjn8VpGQEmpNjFV-iZThBg3hscAvASwJGpLVW2v6r4wjVbrXCexYvALr-Z2AiAn8yEHQ_w3xetz_tgRBZ7xa8OJ0Oqgq36hpc0SNe33qYURmcIsR/s320/DSCN1755.JPG" /></a><br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 240px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5688331631317604178" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEhc7ypzQH_Q64lcQGHhOXWy0FzlZR-lrkHbN7kQWvO2Tvz1Pk5tkEy9nJGXaifwDDWI1TrvrV32Kq8hOHQUd9o-rfQwSSDvh3cqWUpfeuihifdLRvEZO6HvlphiVOM8jp_wt_f0QyCSAR/s320/DSCN1757.JPG" /><br />It is considered roomy compared to the collapsible chamber located inside our "Abyss" exhibit. This is an extremely rare chamber made by the German company, Drager. Its telescopic quality allows it to fit inside a small box and expand quickly for emergency situations aboard a ship. It also features two view ports for observation.<br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 148px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5688331391146113346" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlSElBBddj8Skfhl8zklO04Lf3zRDy9XDTUb90PYZWaJECkFQMDtKIALapUiW7LtNDgtQCjNNJEek_OH_fadqPhl2RTAyblEabgQJmgsv_4EBPiASsDNWSf0uhK7xp1ATsphXmIlfaMO9m/s320/DSCN1759.JPG" /><br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 240px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5688331641815290818" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIMG0UINQWXR5J9k8_5yhJDrZIPaAW2RxsyLSWwtMoGgbeq9O7p4kMcavLqyOw-4wn-W9Q_R6njM8hgM0dPm3YRxVM3BVa9Oxguf02CYpdwqkkXfOWLS7YraH90TkypXNCNIo8dCHphuhq/s320/DSCN1761.JPG" /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 240px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5688327317762832066" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0qmgvm70QCbop6d2zGFC03eqS-mU3AN2x9XMRNLHj2r4xItE6rMjc9RS7Hi8R8GYmP6hM4rSzo37PK_N9oO2lpt_JeaqaSo-5otE3RS7MvKwQH2sDGUuCggactSzRp5ifOJjJfcdfO5DK/s320/DSCN1766.JPG" /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 274px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5688331631587461810" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSqjkaBRFYwv4qdBj5a_9D-FKjZpbzBLM2D-Q5lKPQrONaaV23ZznB4rNT5FQ0eBLbuI1MsNXo7wmUORlRfV_jtRXaWP6KUea8OrPUVVaWVdq4YXlt2PumsUaugxiEMDcGs4sesWtU-lVZ/s320/DSCN1768.JPG" /><br />If you are interested in learning more about how hyperbaric chambers are used to treat the bends and other ailments, join us at the Museum on Wednesday, December 21st at 7pm. Dennis Holstein, Program Director for Hyperbaric Medicine and Would Care Departments at Mariners Hospital, will present a free program, "Hyperbaric Medicine: It's Not Just for Divers."<br /><br />-Erin<br />Manager of Collections and Administration<br />All photos courtesy of the History of Diving MuseumUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-13152477315113829282011-11-22T10:16:00.009-05:002011-11-22T14:22:30.811-05:00Exhibit Talk: Transforming the South Florida Room<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBkSmM4E9VdnnKvOIZSDws06sHiO1RqBlPDJU1326wrhij0m9Prd-YPrJAzm_Wv1YX7EAVDl8dUgtihTxkVWk_vBvsO6XFWNYDYjmBTxez_FrTWJmaS0JLLmuyULKSGCE_bFTjqLb8KwhU/s1600/DSCN7136.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBkSmM4E9VdnnKvOIZSDws06sHiO1RqBlPDJU1326wrhij0m9Prd-YPrJAzm_Wv1YX7EAVDl8dUgtihTxkVWk_vBvsO6XFWNYDYjmBTxez_FrTWJmaS0JLLmuyULKSGCE_bFTjqLb8KwhU/s400/DSCN7136.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5677874942965730690" border="0" /></a><br />Our team has been hard at work on transforming one of our most popular exhibits, The South Florida Room, so I wanted to give an update on the amazing progress that has been made in the past few months.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZmUnUifx0dYDuIki2G7pG4XqVEEZqwhk2hHItzbpRRxyndAZ72r_ynzNuQECn9yYADJCkhZ7FuUN7__j_lDhuTTEaVAbrhVPQ1_oao1_g41QTews_ofEU5urJWnoxK8N8eGQzUihMEWnR/s1600/IMG_0213.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 224px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZmUnUifx0dYDuIki2G7pG4XqVEEZqwhk2hHItzbpRRxyndAZ72r_ynzNuQECn9yYADJCkhZ7FuUN7__j_lDhuTTEaVAbrhVPQ1_oao1_g41QTews_ofEU5urJWnoxK8N8eGQzUihMEWnR/s400/IMG_0213.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5677893072554092610" border="0" /></a><br />Some of my favorite helmets in our collection can be found in the South Florida Room. The exhibit centers on the Divinhood - the world's first commercially produced open bottom helmet which unquestionably changed diving history. <a href="http://historyofdivingmuseum.blogspot.com/2011/02/world-wide-impact-of-miller-dunn.html">The story of William Miller and William Dunn's Divinhood</a> is a great one - but it is our collection of homemade helmets (inspired by the open bottom concept the Divinhood introduced) that seem to be some of the most popular and memorable artifacts, both for our staff as well as our visitors.<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2zkSzDTmQF3gY1IE_rZ9COXoq4F2Apv20e6QNODi02WFUrgbeB7nKwGstE2BsAY3saTZZQoSGQHc9kp8knGcWIL6TWfWGdrN8UEROagAqmxT7jObPKiLVU5u9-yxGUbjVhI4hzj8o17r0/s1600/DSCN7142.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2zkSzDTmQF3gY1IE_rZ9COXoq4F2Apv20e6QNODi02WFUrgbeB7nKwGstE2BsAY3saTZZQoSGQHc9kp8knGcWIL6TWfWGdrN8UEROagAqmxT7jObPKiLVU5u9-yxGUbjVhI4hzj8o17r0/s400/DSCN7142.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5677878141510499890" border="0" /></a><br />Above is one of our more famous - or infamous - helmets. Dubbed "The Rum Runner," this homemade helmet was used in the 1920's in smuggling operations during Prohibition. Contraband whiskey dropped in the Detroit River by Canadians was spotted through the breastplate window.<br /><br />The concept of the open bottom helmet was so simple and useful, that craftsmen in garages started using household items to build their own version of the Divinhood. What they produced were many oddly shaped helmets, each truly one-of-a-kind.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK3NSc3yNXEZekFE1Yh8ZU8PlS30zQq0Wl7E_NYZcmwVDwFLal9cXASCr9ClC5WgxIl-IyC8vF23pyFn6Zlu-cdP5_pa9ReRVqEoFpM2ic5vFMCjQGKWZuj-JVVsKHV1LmIzGnZj2_nPOZ/s1600/DSCN7134.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK3NSc3yNXEZekFE1Yh8ZU8PlS30zQq0Wl7E_NYZcmwVDwFLal9cXASCr9ClC5WgxIl-IyC8vF23pyFn6Zlu-cdP5_pa9ReRVqEoFpM2ic5vFMCjQGKWZuj-JVVsKHV1LmIzGnZj2_nPOZ/s400/DSCN7134.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5677874938092871138" border="0" /></a><br />Our curator of exhibits, Tim Hemsoth, is finishing this newly constructed wall as I type and it's looking really fabulous. As you can see from the "Before" and "After" photos, Tim has created a "forest" of helmets from floor to ceiling, backlit with a blue spotlight. Enjoy the photos and below and let us know what you think!<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Before<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV-SMP3kqZtirEyx6YyhyXUgpQPGuZUAmDURmVql3emZSiEfY5om2KlnaaACFeLdXJiP89jhHvhE5iG9PNtdea0n1Apaeh91m5EiQa3-yOb83klF3MCpQMwQnh29iGX1cY5NhbwgQ2NWqC/s1600/Picture+101.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 227px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV-SMP3kqZtirEyx6YyhyXUgpQPGuZUAmDURmVql3emZSiEfY5om2KlnaaACFeLdXJiP89jhHvhE5iG9PNtdea0n1Apaeh91m5EiQa3-yOb83klF3MCpQMwQnh29iGX1cY5NhbwgQ2NWqC/s400/Picture+101.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5677874954022526018" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFG0toXSMn_uQm_lWwEXoX2qjiHAlb96eBbY1jK3IpfD2_gw4HWa10dxjk0oPEfqIcI6lK-uip4qJR1qRdf3onwNvbu8gNrx2wGLnCwfMCl9QEo5mkdSNiDD1XXVSlD8h5njng9xQBHY_Z/s1600/dvmuseum015.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFG0toXSMn_uQm_lWwEXoX2qjiHAlb96eBbY1jK3IpfD2_gw4HWa10dxjk0oPEfqIcI6lK-uip4qJR1qRdf3onwNvbu8gNrx2wGLnCwfMCl9QEo5mkdSNiDD1XXVSlD8h5njng9xQBHY_Z/s400/dvmuseum015.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5677878140433812850" border="0" /></a><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;">After</div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7M7zC_UGfdwoJPg7povziAU69GEI3I7W8T5eP5lARVgrOSO_uMe5u3FEbZWfGUjExzUKFU9f3DK2_cpdoGXFLxKXOHev8Ggqw4DMYeULzpYhUKHFAuQdDlSSq_vfZmPwRb9lBWPRvSAxO/s1600/DSCN7139.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7M7zC_UGfdwoJPg7povziAU69GEI3I7W8T5eP5lARVgrOSO_uMe5u3FEbZWfGUjExzUKFU9f3DK2_cpdoGXFLxKXOHev8Ggqw4DMYeULzpYhUKHFAuQdDlSSq_vfZmPwRb9lBWPRvSAxO/s400/DSCN7139.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5677878137723586466" border="0" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSQqUMwhgnTxTSYNIpG74Zn8OOs-yhUdxkQ267m3gOaU1Vt5Fnc_a0Vw9QYSE0Pvsclbu5JA7QLxgBklG_9klF-MLQCG530oNABu-aef48DRuKIKGkzTyhanAVAY4g60nDcZOhDDLRqzIP/s1600/DSCN7138.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSQqUMwhgnTxTSYNIpG74Zn8OOs-yhUdxkQ267m3gOaU1Vt5Fnc_a0Vw9QYSE0Pvsclbu5JA7QLxgBklG_9klF-MLQCG530oNABu-aef48DRuKIKGkzTyhanAVAY4g60nDcZOhDDLRqzIP/s400/DSCN7138.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5677901290286370674" border="0" /></a><br /></div> As a result of redesigning the floor plan in the South Florida Room, we'll also be making some changes to our Underwater Photography exhibit and the Treasure Room in the near future. Below you can see we've taken a wall down to open up the entrance to the Treasure Room and create a better traffic flow.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9cB9VR8U_TADA4HYzIF-YEmG81_Aqu52m5YEcJbzbAthA9ZbzCP66bihyMr9LnhZCfiIf4WVVIWzm1WPhPyg7k3tsNvd2yK0tOGzjC5XzkIE_I8kJbg7MCFXJTn6heSGiTwObxvurRKcQ/s1600/DSCN7140.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9cB9VR8U_TADA4HYzIF-YEmG81_Aqu52m5YEcJbzbAthA9ZbzCP66bihyMr9LnhZCfiIf4WVVIWzm1WPhPyg7k3tsNvd2yK0tOGzjC5XzkIE_I8kJbg7MCFXJTn6heSGiTwObxvurRKcQ/s400/DSCN7140.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5677874949542611874" border="0" /></a>Hope you've enjoyed seeing all the updates. Stay tuned for more!<br /><br />-Erin<br />Manager of Collections and Administration<br /><br />All photos courtesy of the History of Diving MuseumUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-79214995619011924782011-11-04T12:44:00.010-04:002011-11-04T14:51:48.007-04:00Henry Fleuss: An Early SCUBA PioneerHenry Fleuss (1851-1933) was a diving engineer for Siebe, Gorman & Co. of London. He is widely recognized as a pioneer in the field of diving and some even credit him as the first SCUBA diver. You didn't think it was Jacques Cousteau, did you?<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY9bhQmNFkPy6XjbVTo36QHL63hsGZ9MyDLUpEFxqg8G4LfDTSWajh2g9Rx9zZCvXFkn_3pzoqNwmKIVb6Irn-lanczCm98fbrEP6hzMDUwu77Kjbe4qASVPu-YLtZdC-spZqcvd-6-upj/s1600/henry+fleuss.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 214px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY9bhQmNFkPy6XjbVTo36QHL63hsGZ9MyDLUpEFxqg8G4LfDTSWajh2g9Rx9zZCvXFkn_3pzoqNwmKIVb6Irn-lanczCm98fbrEP6hzMDUwu77Kjbe4qASVPu-YLtZdC-spZqcvd-6-upj/s400/henry+fleuss.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5671185585622969122" border="0" /></a><br />Though he is credited with many other inventions including the Fleuss vacuum pump and a steam car, it is widely accepted that his most important was for the first self-contained breathing apparatus (SCUBA) using pure compressed oxygen. Originally designed in 1876, he was granted a patent for the apparatus in 1878 which freed the diver from having to rely on breathing surface-supplied air.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk8MgYrFQcAqAmFiB3dicbbV9BNrXo8XWTYCMSk2tiNP_PBo61-kc8rUGFIVwGAOHxkWDCqbLTAo0U5Ean5gve_kppjkBQqFI754CT1SMQMMppEudeNeD_8Am8aKfoEOic-ZxlnW9kc7AN/s1600/Fleuss+by+Seibe+1878.tif"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 327px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk8MgYrFQcAqAmFiB3dicbbV9BNrXo8XWTYCMSk2tiNP_PBo61-kc8rUGFIVwGAOHxkWDCqbLTAo0U5Ean5gve_kppjkBQqFI754CT1SMQMMppEudeNeD_8Am8aKfoEOic-ZxlnW9kc7AN/s400/Fleuss+by+Seibe+1878.tif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5671183328750985410" border="0" /></a><br />The apparatus consisted of a rubber mask, a breathing bag, a copper tank to hold the oxygen, and a scrubber. The closed-circuit system was designed to reuse the oxygen by removing the carbon dioxide using a rope yarn soaked in a solution of caustic potash. Originally used to rescue mine workers, Fleuss was lauded for this early SCUBA apparatus.<br /><br />Its revolutionary and brilliant design became an invaluable piece of equipment for military operations during WWII. The Fleuss rebreather came to be preferred over all other available diving apparatus because it offered the diver total concealment (no air bubbles!).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqma24YsiN-WAp9VM9S8P3PmysnfZ526vgslqj4-wsOuHCYZ8xADtZWbuN1jctJOk1GMoVrotRLGh3RSAvEa_gqS8Qo28thGQ_vptpSjhghWR5MoJ-eA23SkqdJFHhbFwok0W4fKTUCIvI/s1600/Copy+of+Fleuss+by+Seibe+1878.tif"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 279px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqma24YsiN-WAp9VM9S8P3PmysnfZ526vgslqj4-wsOuHCYZ8xADtZWbuN1jctJOk1GMoVrotRLGh3RSAvEa_gqS8Qo28thGQ_vptpSjhghWR5MoJ-eA23SkqdJFHhbFwok0W4fKTUCIvI/s400/Copy+of+Fleuss+by+Seibe+1878.tif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5671183321479770946" border="0" /></a>Although the Fleuss rebreather limited the diver's working depth due to the threat of oxygen toxicity, it was truly revolutionary and is without a doubt a very important part of diving history.<br /><br />Visit the Museum to learn more about early rebreathers and the evolution of other early SCUBA equipment!<br /><br />-Erin<br />Manager of Collections and AdministrationUnknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-2110573843762704742011-10-30T11:46:00.007-04:002011-10-30T13:42:55.942-04:00Jake's Journey: Closer to Home<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEeMFMOYQ6lPlQJJvhwDIf-bHSmfnwL4Nf5TBHG7CZ3uggH72YU1ynD3tDBo3RaQVgS0Gs_SUodd4vowGknEhG1QJq1eZhtNJAABCnOJy6MJuG5WfL6TtfU9nZDAhgdIEa0tKkNc_NEN6K/s1600/Jake+at+First+State+Bank.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEeMFMOYQ6lPlQJJvhwDIf-bHSmfnwL4Nf5TBHG7CZ3uggH72YU1ynD3tDBo3RaQVgS0Gs_SUodd4vowGknEhG1QJq1eZhtNJAABCnOJy6MJuG5WfL6TtfU9nZDAhgdIEa0tKkNc_NEN6K/s400/Jake+at+First+State+Bank.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669322689867923634" border="0" /></a><br />Meet our friend Jake. Some of you may have had the chance to see him on display at First State Bank in Key Largo where he has been on loan for the past two years. Jake has served as an outreach tool for the History of Diving Museum by helping to spread the word about our institution while making many new friends.<br /><br />After his assignment in Key Largo was up, we were very happy to receive news that Hampton Inn and Suites in Islamorada was interested in 'adopting' Jake to become part of their family. When they assured us that Jake would have plenty of play dates with friends from around the world every day of the week, we knew it was a perfect fit! We are so happy to announce Jake's return to Upper Matecumbe Key. He is now on display just inside the lobby - ready to greet guests and again serve as an ambassador for the Museum.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgabxuwU8r-L1IPf4mOri9NRY9NBX458Xco4E3NDKTeC9Ar9NiHR1hFPvPYVbK7Weil1G0dhAyjNQPu-OrUf9zP1RnQi_xXbAdfA-pmPWYAuP0wqTjDmc8af3qCRpeRrYxE9dRCSRHNXqBd/s1600/Copy+of+Jake+at+Hampton.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 314px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgabxuwU8r-L1IPf4mOri9NRY9NBX458Xco4E3NDKTeC9Ar9NiHR1hFPvPYVbK7Weil1G0dhAyjNQPu-OrUf9zP1RnQi_xXbAdfA-pmPWYAuP0wqTjDmc8af3qCRpeRrYxE9dRCSRHNXqBd/s400/Copy+of+Jake+at+Hampton.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669331490707220642" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >'Jake', a full-dressed diver on loan from the History of Diving Museum, is now on temporary display at the Hampton Inn and Suites in Islamorada, Florida.</span><br /><br /></div>After about a month in his new home, we can report that Jake is very happy and feeling settled. We are so happy to have him closer to home!<br /><br />The next time you are passing by, visit Jake and make sure he's behaving himself.<br /><br />-Erin<br />Manager of Collections and AdministrationUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-83876725334363261182011-10-21T10:28:00.000-04:002011-10-21T10:28:22.343-04:00A Diver and His Helmet: A Happy ReunionIt was a routine business call that brought Jon Hazelbaker to Upstate New York last week, but the series of events that took place were <span style="font-style: italic;">anything </span>but ordinary.<br /><br />In 1986, commercial diver Jon Hazelbaker was working on a big diving project in Corinth, New York for the International Paper Company. After about three months, the job was almost complete. However, he was called back for a few more days to work on another part of the power plant. After packing up his gear - helmet and everything - Hazelbaker headed back into Albany and checked in to a hotel around 1 o'clock in the morning. The next day started early around 6am. and as he was checking out of the hotel, he discovered that his truck had been broken into. His helmet was gone.<br /><br />This discovery was completely disheartening, not only because of its obvious monetary value, but because Hazelbaker had accumulated literally thousands of hours working time in it; it was a helmet that he had used and lovingly abused for 16 years.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFimKEir0wBRsQTq7EHVAhD0vuiPqdsgfRsPFVUimjSbZI5Z8oEpm-OVU0AU2MGHkN0nwZawvdA-PRY61tufg1EBntw2PU0qWVXWNZFxVBYrjsyCMXMni1OYzquFKUx-0YNkrMGPZ7x_MO/s1600/YokohamaHatcorrected.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFimKEir0wBRsQTq7EHVAhD0vuiPqdsgfRsPFVUimjSbZI5Z8oEpm-OVU0AU2MGHkN0nwZawvdA-PRY61tufg1EBntw2PU0qWVXWNZFxVBYrjsyCMXMni1OYzquFKUx-0YNkrMGPZ7x_MO/s320/YokohamaHatcorrected.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5665664138358690306" border="0" /></a><br />Devastated, he took out ads in local newspapers and trade magazine with a photo of the helmet (pictured above) and offering a reward for its return. He even sent out letters and photos to local dive shops and other commercial dive firm competitors.<br /><br />Flash forward 25 years to 2011 when Hazelbaker was assigned by <a href="http://www.adc-int.org/">ADCI</a> to perform a safety audit for commercial diving firm <a href="http://www.seawaydivers.com/">Seaway Diving & Salvage</a> - a routine practice in the industry. While scheduling his visit to Waterford, New York, Hazelbaker recited the story of his stolen helmet to the owner of Seaway, Tim Joslyn. After a few minutes, Joslyn said, "I think we have that picture still here." He quickly located the original photo from 1986 in a file and told Hazelbaker that he knew where that helmet was. The previous owner, Kevin Lengyel, had kept the photo around all those years. Overwhelmed with joy, he exclaimed over the phone, "Tim, that is my hat!"<br /><br />After taking care of business at Seaway, Hazelbaker took Joslyn's advice and soon found himself en route to a dive shop in Clifton Park, New York - ready to get his hat back. Upon arrival, Hazelbaker was asked to identify the helmet in detail, and of course he was able to recall each and every fitting and dent in the helmet, many unique to this particular hat. After a little while, he was finally reunited with his old helmet, almost 25 years to the day when it was stolen.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_xKBDdsEu-6M4T33ybTXWo0NsWvX307-jsi4eI2cOKTkAm4J-rXV4XAUFsOG7iafoXW2lErFMHjaq_RmSJkpoAAFOovWuIIEnNX6QlfJX-1fG6zN0gJY5U-VMUuVj-zrWYDiGZnp7M5ok/s1600/hazelbaker+with+hat.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 326px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_xKBDdsEu-6M4T33ybTXWo0NsWvX307-jsi4eI2cOKTkAm4J-rXV4XAUFsOG7iafoXW2lErFMHjaq_RmSJkpoAAFOovWuIIEnNX6QlfJX-1fG6zN0gJY5U-VMUuVj-zrWYDiGZnp7M5ok/s400/hazelbaker+with+hat.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5662319114171633202" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Commercial diver Jon Hazelbaker reunited with his helmet in Upstate New York.</span></span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;">Hazelbaker gives credit to the owners of Seaway for this happy reunion; to Kevin, who kept the picture around so long, and to Tim who is responsible for putting all the pieces together.<br /><br />If you have any happy stories like this one, we would love to hear about them!<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">-Erin<br />Manager of Collections and Administration<br /></div></div><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Capt. Jon Hazelbaker is a commercial diving consultant and Board Member at the History of Diving Museum.</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-13076837709442788972011-10-11T19:08:00.013-04:002011-10-17T13:34:56.837-04:00Remembering an Aquanaut: Dewey D. SmithAs we gear up for our next event, I can't help but to be reminded of a certain helmet in our permanent collection. Next week's program, "Space Exploration and the Aquarius Underwater Habitat" will be presented by a team of Aquanauts and talk about their latest mission with NASA.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQahNk8EU0RDSG_CCWWX4u7JIk5dATMm95KjdgK8GWUSfyJWjEbQ2WYUM7O-fa4aVy5n8fTYM2LZpKRFQEx42mMd1gu84_nUIQvDHlasTuLkVNay2IW-RuGu1dSPyn7KeXGp7_1__gLDGz/s1600/200961.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQahNk8EU0RDSG_CCWWX4u7JIk5dATMm95KjdgK8GWUSfyJWjEbQ2WYUM7O-fa4aVy5n8fTYM2LZpKRFQEx42mMd1gu84_nUIQvDHlasTuLkVNay2IW-RuGu1dSPyn7KeXGp7_1__gLDGz/s400/200961.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5663092309485690050" border="0" /></a><br />NOAA Aquarius Reef Base, colloquially known as Aquarius, is an underwater laboratory located in 63 feet of water approximately 3 1/2 miles offshore of Key Largo in the Florida Keys and is often used by marine biologists studying the reefs. For the past 10 years, NASA has used the underwater habitat for its NEEMO missions to study the effects of extreme environments.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmM1XsajgWQWueo4lfG6qSKWixCwrzhgESdV_GE0H-cNNk8GT3Sn_eTGmrG5ClYJpk2k9gtK4XtS0xOpWY7Rnm0Ldl0xmCXB8dXi1RxXxSxt_mO0qFBydc2J97RkJnVg0rxHGIpa7WVes-/s1600/Dew_neemo2222.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmM1XsajgWQWueo4lfG6qSKWixCwrzhgESdV_GE0H-cNNk8GT3Sn_eTGmrG5ClYJpk2k9gtK4XtS0xOpWY7Rnm0Ldl0xmCXB8dXi1RxXxSxt_mO0qFBydc2J97RkJnVg0rxHGIpa7WVes-/s320/Dew_neemo2222.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5663097081617554882" border="0" /></a>On May 5, 2009, NOAA, Aquarius, and the diving community lost a friend and true hero. Dewey D. Smith was a habitat technician for Aquarius who passed away at the age of 36 as a result of a diving accident. He had worked as a diver with Aquarius for two years and previously served in the US Navy as a Medical Corpsman for five years.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpVHmNgYLRFOdNErUUyXxjVNVUDcwUU-s5CaokVOjtes0Z-Ul8Yy-kGOtvH7UsH3kGxtlaEh49MJX3oe9PRpWpRlv2k62yYF-oEaYzOSZdDKxQVx9YPdgAQfLLdKGBoeKiTSbxvjrvNuV2/s1600/dewster.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 287px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpVHmNgYLRFOdNErUUyXxjVNVUDcwUU-s5CaokVOjtes0Z-Ul8Yy-kGOtvH7UsH3kGxtlaEh49MJX3oe9PRpWpRlv2k62yYF-oEaYzOSZdDKxQVx9YPdgAQfLLdKGBoeKiTSbxvjrvNuV2/s320/dewster.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5663097905368633154" border="0" /></a>His passing truly left a huge void in the Aquarius family. In honor of Smith's life and legacy, the Aquarius Reef Base donated a Superlite 17 helmet to the Museum. The Superlite 17 is a modern helmet with a fiberglass shell and built-in demand regulator and is the helmet most frequently worn by the Aquanauts. Initially on special display in our Research Library, we are happy to announce that it is now on permanent display in our Commercial Diving exhibit (yellow helmet pictured below).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4eFAau6B5mVEGntWxYoACKI1PyXXoi10DXIfdLbauAGNO58rBujMMTw4znFfpOVvGiGFzZZLR9XXeO-5Mn5SQBrlecmY2i7zM4KwCInWqveX7L3x-RauHd_Iem8F6U80K3K6E-8sM2Wqq/s1600/Picture+065.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 301px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4eFAau6B5mVEGntWxYoACKI1PyXXoi10DXIfdLbauAGNO58rBujMMTw4znFfpOVvGiGFzZZLR9XXeO-5Mn5SQBrlecmY2i7zM4KwCInWqveX7L3x-RauHd_Iem8F6U80K3K6E-8sM2Wqq/s320/Picture+065.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5663098333921248098" border="0" /></a>Every time the Aquanauts come to the Museum for a presentation, you can be sure to find each one paying a visit to the commercial diving exhibit where they remember their friend. We are proud to display this helmet and and honored to present it in memory of Dewey. He will surely be present in all of our thoughts on Wednesday.<br /><br />-Erin<br />Manager of Collections and AdministrationUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-58248669325550158232011-09-28T15:07:00.000-04:002011-09-28T16:37:53.884-04:00Literacy Month: A New Chapter for HDMDid you know that September is National Literacy Month? There have been special events happening at libraries, parks, and museums all over the country, and although we haven't had one here just yet (we're planning something special in February!), it has certainly been an exciting month for us at the History of Diving Museum.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj013yevl3h3oa3jfeP7cUL5D5X0GiM4UxbsTCHy98MxXNbs7N0ERpDzMcWZBmxCInidoDbIFGICFuVDX98gvjL5DT5k8o3V2KnQOzbw_f9KNY5PsIRU8eTfwnOhNiTUUt1j7UgzX1sgGyU/s1600/Library+bookshelves.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj013yevl3h3oa3jfeP7cUL5D5X0GiM4UxbsTCHy98MxXNbs7N0ERpDzMcWZBmxCInidoDbIFGICFuVDX98gvjL5DT5k8o3V2KnQOzbw_f9KNY5PsIRU8eTfwnOhNiTUUt1j7UgzX1sgGyU/s320/Library+bookshelves.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5657491006926001218" border="0" /></a><br />We hope that you have already heard about the development of our Research Library, but if not, here's your chance to catch up! Over the past year we have been working on building the Bauer Diving History Research Library, a special collection library and archive to house thousands of books and archival materials related to the history of diving. Funded in part through a grant provided by the Monroe County Tourist Development Council, it is a project that the entire staff has put many hours into and we are excited to see it almost complete. The Bauer Diving History Research Library is named after the museum's founders, Drs. Joe and Sally Bauer.<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKQG581VKFx5pNje7Gh5cI_qXyVHWSsTuoypmKmCKVISglOeDChfHjPWgo0J_jAciB6LgZM5Kwjm52tD0WBY_GdmtssJpPOGUvnApB3a7YdOJt_tFs0hM-Sozg9tjRNPv72bhM1_GYw1dm/s1600/L-2009.jpg"><br /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlpfahWxqB84rpN5QZ79KKMl58nqT5nHdkZUW14_1h07V94tAbXaJw2OBEc_ohSW9cKQx8TiZJK8YO8ylqV5AmARbPmtR9vOfeu_VplmVlgjejHxyBVEpy11DjRifACWNz4dtC3TIUkcQv/s1600/DSCN1656.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlpfahWxqB84rpN5QZ79KKMl58nqT5nHdkZUW14_1h07V94tAbXaJw2OBEc_ohSW9cKQx8TiZJK8YO8ylqV5AmARbPmtR9vOfeu_VplmVlgjejHxyBVEpy11DjRifACWNz4dtC3TIUkcQv/s320/DSCN1656.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5657496369757681730" border="0" /></a><br />So what's so exciting about this month??? BOOKS! We have finally begun to fill our bookshelves and let me tell you that after staring at empty bookcases for months and months as we finished construction and technical upgrades (think 70" flat screen TV), it feels so amazing to walk in the space and see the shelves so full and happy. We still have a long way to go as we finish moving books from our Collections Storage into the Library as well as processing the Bauer Collection, but the progress feels great!<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitGZIlHLD4AOHH0J4ot7fUjPVGcYlsoEBiIoSOt1lES3-oHZJrdLCx1m7ZMBX8YDF8w6BGgqHlV5JD5pSaP3DXwVSemujtcolnlcrptvDXnsVv6uiV1yjVfjAQk1g_wVZX99Ovouv68FVx/s1600/DSCN1650.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitGZIlHLD4AOHH0J4ot7fUjPVGcYlsoEBiIoSOt1lES3-oHZJrdLCx1m7ZMBX8YDF8w6BGgqHlV5JD5pSaP3DXwVSemujtcolnlcrptvDXnsVv6uiV1yjVfjAQk1g_wVZX99Ovouv68FVx/s320/DSCN1650.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5657496374385498578" border="0" /></a><br />The majority of materials come from the Bauer Collection - amassed by Drs. Joe and Sally Bauer over approximately four decades. Their collection contains thousands of rare books as well as photographs, patent drawings, posters, articles, and so much more that will be made available to the public through the very first research library of its kind - dedicated entirely to the history of diving and man's longstanding quest to explore under the sea.<br /><br />The opening and dedication of the Bauer Library will be held in February and we'll be sure let you know all the details.<br /><br />Stay tuned to the blog for more!<br /><br />-Erin, Manager of Collections and AdministrationUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-29386558293638425122011-09-02T11:37:00.006-04:002011-09-02T12:31:50.004-04:00The Divinhood: Practical and Profitable<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:130%;">"<span style="font-style: italic;">A diving apparatus so simple anyone can use it.</span>"</span>
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<br />That was the slogan for the Miami-based Miller-Dunn Company who designed and produced the Divinhood helmet in the early part of the 20th century. A summary of the significance of this helmet can be found in an earlier blog entry <a href="http://historyofdivingmuseum.blogspot.com/2011/02/world-wide-impact-of-miller-dunn.html">here</a>.
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<br />As you may know by now, we love the Divinhood. But before the Style 2 gained fame as the centerpiece for the History of Diving Museum's logo, it was lauded at the time by many for its simplicity, affordability, and practicality. Today I wanted to share with you some contemporaneous quotes from those who used the Divinhood and shared their success stories with Miller and Dunn themselves.
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<br />"We want to thank you for building it and congratulate ourselves for buying it."
<br /> - W. H. Ebsary, January 12, 1926
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<br />"I would not be without it."
<br /> - E. F. McDonald, Jr., September 29, 1927
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<br />"This is to inform you that since the receipt of the Divinhood we purchased from you two weeks ago, we have recovered over $500.00 worth of merchandise that had gone overboard in Biscayne Bay and could not be found by skin divers. It has already paid for itself."
<br /> - John. T. Bennett, July 1st, 1925
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<br />"I sat down on a convenient rock, shut my eyes and recited to myself, 'I am not at home, nor near any city or people; I am far out in the Pacific near a desert island, sitting on the bottom of the ocean; I am deep down in the water in a place where no human being has ever been before; it is one of the greatest moments of my whole life; thousands of people would pay large sums, would forego much for five minutes of this!' "
<br /> - William Beebe, New York Zoological Society, December 25th, 1925
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<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoi1_EQJlPdD27uqqNfvsEcR1guJqodUa643p41VryIDdykyGXNvPwOVIiD_K2V1rGwOVcEyHksPJ_izHppAZTvPhnvHCO3ZJgchHQ6QqYv4N5Aq47x394YbO5ATaOWaJtwPTF5sxiTyGl/s1600/beebe.tif"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 246px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoi1_EQJlPdD27uqqNfvsEcR1guJqodUa643p41VryIDdykyGXNvPwOVIiD_K2V1rGwOVcEyHksPJ_izHppAZTvPhnvHCO3ZJgchHQ6QqYv4N5Aq47x394YbO5ATaOWaJtwPTF5sxiTyGl/s320/beebe.tif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5647799635016188786" border="0" /></a><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" >William Beebe in the Miller-Dunn Style 2 Divinhood</span>
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<br /><div style="text-align: left;">All quotes taken from <span style="font-style: italic;">American Dive Catalog Collection</span> by Ray Mathieson.
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<br />-Erin, Manager of Collections and Administration
<br /></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-9973490653417605152011-07-14T14:15:00.015-04:002011-07-15T16:58:53.895-04:00'Not So Basic' Cable<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX4CiMVAq6s-cMjFVcr8KJ_V2p8dRvskvPsmo8nSxUuFkJOyTMBD2upTThzY1Y4jGMwaY6C4Uu1MF2iyU61OG4J3UXloFBwskCvmk8UDoIFP5A8pDoKOo3ZJyXN76rBbROkK5l0WBMTTI/s1600/2010.33.1.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 302px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 124px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629282626221931042" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX4CiMVAq6s-cMjFVcr8KJ_V2p8dRvskvPsmo8nSxUuFkJOyTMBD2upTThzY1Y4jGMwaY6C4Uu1MF2iyU61OG4J3UXloFBwskCvmk8UDoIFP5A8pDoKOo3ZJyXN76rBbROkK5l0WBMTTI/s320/2010.33.1.jpg" /></a>Every week at the History of Diving Museum seems to be a treasure hunt of sorts, as I am constantly uncovering new and exciting objects in the collections. This week was no exception, with the booty coming in the form of a small but significant artifact: an original piece of the transatlantic telegraph cable!<br /><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOMCgg-z1tweKoIQEtGzmwbNO60H-OUswshtSg-mKG7bcfOD-kZa3Xyh0hQSNsmiR4NySAhKRLRzQioM4K5lj9fGbPnUPe1lmAEB1jVXxzlUKSN0J3fXWY5WgOATO0Fwi2TD8RgwsGpSc/s1600/2010.33.1+%25283%2529.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 320px; HEIGHT: 242px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629282915119289250" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOMCgg-z1tweKoIQEtGzmwbNO60H-OUswshtSg-mKG7bcfOD-kZa3Xyh0hQSNsmiR4NySAhKRLRzQioM4K5lj9fGbPnUPe1lmAEB1jVXxzlUKSN0J3fXWY5WgOATO0Fwi2TD8RgwsGpSc/s320/2010.33.1+%25283%2529.jpg" /></a></p><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZk9LhXt3u7PkgE9gAEVjtLQFLaM4NxgRhfOJDbozJJm7YeTJY3-R_8q7aCry2Iq5eN3RKCocz5EpxnLSqrVU0GJgZtB6t4-DJ2Lphpw71NGU_WtwSjR4-V6bOCmu9_0N1v7NDWF72gqU/s1600/2010.33.1+%25282%2529.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 320px; HEIGHT: 239px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629282746418651138" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZk9LhXt3u7PkgE9gAEVjtLQFLaM4NxgRhfOJDbozJJm7YeTJY3-R_8q7aCry2Iq5eN3RKCocz5EpxnLSqrVU0GJgZtB6t4-DJ2Lphpw71NGU_WtwSjR4-V6bOCmu9_0N1v7NDWF72gqU/s320/2010.33.1+%25282%2529.jpg" /></a><br /><p align="left">The transatlantic telegraph cable was the first cable to allow telegraphic communications across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and North America. It was a monumental achievement at the time, reducing message delivery time from days or weeks to mere minutes. A lasting connection was not achieved until 1866, but the first official message was sent on August 16, 1858, from Queen Victoria to President James Buchanan:<br /><br />"To the President of the United States, Washington: The Queen desires to congratulate the President upon the successful completion of this great international work."<br /><br />Keenly aware of the magnitude of this accomplishment, the President responded:<br /><br />"May the Atlantic Telegraph, under the blessing of Heaven, prove to be a bond of perpetual peace and friendship between the kindred nations, and an instrument designed by Divine Providence to diffuse religion, civilization, liberty and law throughout the world."<br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 490px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 168px; CURSOR: hand" border="0" alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Atlantic_cable_Map.jpg" /><br />The transatlantic cable was also one of the many underwater landmarks spied by Captain Nemo and the crew of the <em>Nautilus</em> in Jules Verne's <em>Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea</em>. Considering that the History of Diving Museum has an entire exhibit dedicated to Verne's classic undersea adventure, the cable fragment's addition to the museum's collections was a "no-brainer," especially given its historical significance. This particular piece is from a "leftover" segment of the cable that was brought back up from the bottom of the ocean after Cyrus W. Field "overshot his mark" while laying it in 1858. Charles Tiffany (Tiffany & Co.) saw it as a money-making opportunity, buying the leftover cable and cutting it into four-inch lengths that he sold for fifty cents each. A "copyrighted facsimile certificate of Cyrus W. Field, Esq." accompanied each piece, guaranteeing its authenticity.<br /><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1IgnI6sial8Uurlf5oG1ueudvheRiCQ4Rapju74HUAmwjxiYb3-hjq_LyXfFUlnGp-zIBV9xbU-b9T9LTz_hrcEvUGghTKzJzjDueH8uiDe3tmpGmIiJbC2EsXRgrRKVUl5Kh3TGfYMA/s1600/Transatlantic+Cable+info.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 234px; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629681505976898658" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1IgnI6sial8Uurlf5oG1ueudvheRiCQ4Rapju74HUAmwjxiYb3-hjq_LyXfFUlnGp-zIBV9xbU-b9T9LTz_hrcEvUGghTKzJzjDueH8uiDe3tmpGmIiJbC2EsXRgrRKVUl5Kh3TGfYMA/s320/Transatlantic+Cable+info.jpg" /></a></p><br /><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XFPsCHJgTFRNwN5NeLwBywP4dIAUUHs7NsIKQlHMO4r0wY3Z61eZk6lTRe3RHBG_OHgVZ3Lz11qGrjjRnOKI1E9xeL5NwgRfnbNQ4-j05fea1djRpZ5lpxAF6K9-Zw4tid32uLjDi3Y/s1600/Picture+041.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 236px; HEIGHT: 150px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629681497531975650" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XFPsCHJgTFRNwN5NeLwBywP4dIAUUHs7NsIKQlHMO4r0wY3Z61eZk6lTRe3RHBG_OHgVZ3Lz11qGrjjRnOKI1E9xeL5NwgRfnbNQ4-j05fea1djRpZ5lpxAF6K9-Zw4tid32uLjDi3Y/s320/Picture+041.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgepmBHzNWYR511r9gSZyXCilkqdS8slzaagGSrE2FKMwM4aYfMSEPmHFy5mOsjlmmCpjD9lxk-8csGOmZyE_OJTLDZHMWQ_w3eoSrLrERYecJdbJVS9HragOo5zWMiJuGjZ3_0rjXZ0tE/s1600/Picture+040.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 204px; HEIGHT: 150px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629681492812579538" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgepmBHzNWYR511r9gSZyXCilkqdS8slzaagGSrE2FKMwM4aYfMSEPmHFy5mOsjlmmCpjD9lxk-8csGOmZyE_OJTLDZHMWQ_w3eoSrLrERYecJdbJVS9HragOo5zWMiJuGjZ3_0rjXZ0tE/s320/Picture+040.jpg" /></a><br /></p><p align="left">This exciting and historic artifact is an example of one of the many "behind the scenes" treasures at the History of Diving Museum. You'll have the opportunity to explore even more of them firsthand at our 6th anniversary celebration on September 3, 2011, where we will be displaying objects from our collection not normally seen on exhibit. We hope you can make it!Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-55316602360563193112011-07-06T14:52:00.053-04:002011-07-08T16:18:02.659-04:00Diving in Style<div align="left">This week I'm taking the opportunity to air out some of the museum's dirty laundry...literally. As I poked around the collections in search of missing items, I stumbled across two fantastic denim diving outfits that originally belonged to Wesley and Constance Mueller. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNL8Y0Is7gfr-hrlkaKfV8cgIQ0KQJrcyC8t6vrn6N1mfByK_gPqsI89fv-I2f1kN7oMOR1kApTCP9RWSCNlVQCg5jW5mrGb8EguvSHoIVsy7LFgH19Uw78OGV-QAgJRfMmvnzWT-y4Lg/s1600/Copy+of+Picture+011.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 207px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626632568808400274" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNL8Y0Is7gfr-hrlkaKfV8cgIQ0KQJrcyC8t6vrn6N1mfByK_gPqsI89fv-I2f1kN7oMOR1kApTCP9RWSCNlVQCg5jW5mrGb8EguvSHoIVsy7LFgH19Uw78OGV-QAgJRfMmvnzWT-y4Lg/s320/Copy+of+Picture+011.jpg" /></a>The Muellers were pioneers in the world of underwater photography, beginning in 1934 when there were no commercially produced underwater cameras or housings. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigsIOcsRgSfzgNTuKvw5-T6LyW70kRqXdJKfGnm8cbZHCfcnTJUsiGKC9x-K3QJNtIT4zSaMrVSUidcMEuh7GfgicCMHqjjNJ4SnyJWr3CekTEPJBEkCaaZe7oKDij9DmjwlXcTvUDfYs/s1600/Copy+of+Picture+011.jpg"></a>Not to be deterred, they fashioned their own equipment, complete with matching denim diving outfits. They sewed lead into their jackets and pants so that they "wouldn't ride up in the current (McKenney 1981)." They even sewed their initials into the garments, presumably so that they wouldn't mix them up. Of course, the Muellers weren't out to make a fashion statement on the bottom of the ocean. In fact, Wesley and Constance rarely saw anyone besides each other on their adventures. They wore the heavy denim to protect themselves from posionous coral and any underwater creatures with sharp and potentially harmful extremities. Still, they must have known how "cool" they looked.</div><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo9POrljXQlLNoNgBUmPcBG_LeNS4YnjhFQ6GI-zy6LXKWVn1tpjd4ajNZZUQr12McApW_LEUVJFNW6CkpReU36JN3Yl2dvyAkazDVFjfqjcqantDKWnKTipv_Lf5LYa5bjELzPaVNxFI/s1600/Picture.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 233px; HEIGHT: 260px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626636117607314914" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo9POrljXQlLNoNgBUmPcBG_LeNS4YnjhFQ6GI-zy6LXKWVn1tpjd4ajNZZUQr12McApW_LEUVJFNW6CkpReU36JN3Yl2dvyAkazDVFjfqjcqantDKWnKTipv_Lf5LYa5bjELzPaVNxFI/s320/Picture.jpg" /></a></p><p align="center"><em><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlB19mu14y8MOflPsFp9bDOZOR4eTZTmzhZrBLcL-HxKhDmHkNsJRInA5jQKOtnv4E2Pb1Qu6qg0r9b6BvrvZgXe9reawlJSr-gDUddygPbo0XN_W8pbkntVOl22kb4Qo5aih_-_RguV8/s1600/00028.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 217px; HEIGHT: 184px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626629849729342818" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlB19mu14y8MOflPsFp9bDOZOR4eTZTmzhZrBLcL-HxKhDmHkNsJRInA5jQKOtnv4E2Pb1Qu6qg0r9b6BvrvZgXe9reawlJSr-gDUddygPbo0XN_W8pbkntVOl22kb4Qo5aih_-_RguV8/s320/00028.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3r5_x1LjTZyo0fvEi_-noQON9xvoCeq2Q9cLSh4oYGdQsqQKjaH0VGv8pU72ie2qjn20khhqEvJgwkdlKULLZ524UwFoTeLIznz9l8bUuWm1yJHDuKVg-9N0thgo2tI6pC7d5o8trFq0/s1600/00038.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 204px; HEIGHT: 184px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626630234429934834" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3r5_x1LjTZyo0fvEi_-noQON9xvoCeq2Q9cLSh4oYGdQsqQKjaH0VGv8pU72ie2qjn20khhqEvJgwkdlKULLZ524UwFoTeLIznz9l8bUuWm1yJHDuKVg-9N0thgo2tI6pC7d5o8trFq0/s320/00038.jpg" /></a></span></em></p><p align="center"><em><span style="font-size:85%;">Wesley and Constance Mueller diving in their denim suits (Bahamas, 1938).</span></em></p><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeR0n58ZYHrHkaufzZTFhEyRJVmzcASXVRAgAOMNBWhGlaqNxZY4btbwHQb6k11DMRKTI9SNA3Vks6NVY2nOoyr4MPaoJI74z6aKc7EpWQd59TJG-vcgWZacav4qnIcr2YvJnB-92fkMo/s1600/Picture+067.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 174px; HEIGHT: 150px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626985096736763266" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeR0n58ZYHrHkaufzZTFhEyRJVmzcASXVRAgAOMNBWhGlaqNxZY4btbwHQb6k11DMRKTI9SNA3Vks6NVY2nOoyr4MPaoJI74z6aKc7EpWQd59TJG-vcgWZacav4qnIcr2YvJnB-92fkMo/s320/Picture+067.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtnjsTNxXn-Eik7Bo176ITvmgB9H-SpkNEQ6f3I3384GEYgDx742lDQcYWYx7BzyzH53MIJg7Z59DxklHsvvWSMtT8KDpGGklIjekXv55XnZqTVRZ959BLkHlJtE6IwTd_sJzB-ep7niY/s1600/Picture+051.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 181px; HEIGHT: 150px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626985408492494834" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtnjsTNxXn-Eik7Bo176ITvmgB9H-SpkNEQ6f3I3384GEYgDx742lDQcYWYx7BzyzH53MIJg7Z59DxklHsvvWSMtT8KDpGGklIjekXv55XnZqTVRZ959BLkHlJtE6IwTd_sJzB-ep7niY/s320/Picture+051.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhjtSGV4x6ZuCKb1WuB4s0ikb51D8wQF-B4XjZOwdaFVQcCVu35uw_vN3ksX7GK7701WDCt2QYEzLCYRi5SPC4v5oK4SrphtaYH3trs-A4cmFx5DC4qf5st-xSemvKp-uAA5hlLBLMgzc/s1600/Picture+053.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 102px; HEIGHT: 150px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626985521899349282" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhjtSGV4x6ZuCKb1WuB4s0ikb51D8wQF-B4XjZOwdaFVQcCVu35uw_vN3ksX7GK7701WDCt2QYEzLCYRi5SPC4v5oK4SrphtaYH3trs-A4cmFx5DC4qf5st-xSemvKp-uAA5hlLBLMgzc/s320/Picture+053.jpg" /></a><br /><em><span style="font-size:85%;">The Muellers' denim suits, now housed in collections at the History of Diving Museum.</span></em></div><br /><div align="left"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh39zMgD7pdEqf4aGrQWKm8Tzdt4d6iiUgpdZeWtjx5d3B_jKugxf7xdD-nBNzAyG3ApFlH8TC6q-CSprR-3ut7-d0kaUTXP0EjCwiCQ9H7-DShsef9PyIS0UGAAKECbQ7UPDyQAS1EWKc/s1600/Picture+001.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 213px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626638482544595618" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh39zMgD7pdEqf4aGrQWKm8Tzdt4d6iiUgpdZeWtjx5d3B_jKugxf7xdD-nBNzAyG3ApFlH8TC6q-CSprR-3ut7-d0kaUTXP0EjCwiCQ9H7-DShsef9PyIS0UGAAKECbQ7UPDyQAS1EWKc/s320/Picture+001.jpg" /></a>That got me thinking about the role of fashion in the history of diving and how it has affected the evolution of divewear. I immediately thought of Art McKee (subject of several previous blog entries) and his preference for a Speedo and Converse sneakers (his original "Chucks" are on display at the History of Diving Museum, see photo). They certainly kept him comfortable during his dives, an important factor in diving safety. But what about those of us who <em>aren't</em> pioneers in the field of diving? What do <em>we</em> like to wear beneath the waves? Well, the answer to that question has changed over the years, as evidenced by these magazine advertisements from old issues of <em>Skin Diver </em>(in the library at HDM)<em>.</em></div><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAmWOr-BcfJfX35mMJ5f4K0XElGJeuS3_PDobZ9sqTAmG16MSF2XZh0wLPH_MZGEiTJ3_NM4-HNxpBMJd1trTwNYjs2wkdKfL7msTX0yg97yrPpSrhHncATVslleGk0tLZ66MdHIy5HOI/s1600/Picture+003.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 230px; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626989907278274802" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAmWOr-BcfJfX35mMJ5f4K0XElGJeuS3_PDobZ9sqTAmG16MSF2XZh0wLPH_MZGEiTJ3_NM4-HNxpBMJd1trTwNYjs2wkdKfL7msTX0yg97yrPpSrhHncATVslleGk0tLZ66MdHIy5HOI/s320/Picture+003.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0IV-JpjJh470ymgx21al52Lh82EzPvFBnSHVocG5WRNSUqDzuseRuVvGLH6QAJRWLqnDh0N6di6C4La5Z5mRpSrDrgQHMusK_hXFxVX_I3sOiTy_4oLhN1crkjy5dDGJEuTzDZ6mFJr4/s1600/Picture+005.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 242px; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626989907726541810" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0IV-JpjJh470ymgx21al52Lh82EzPvFBnSHVocG5WRNSUqDzuseRuVvGLH6QAJRWLqnDh0N6di6C4La5Z5mRpSrDrgQHMusK_hXFxVX_I3sOiTy_4oLhN1crkjy5dDGJEuTzDZ6mFJr4/s320/Picture+005.jpg" /></a><em><span style="font-size:85%;"></span></em></p><p align="center"><em><span style="font-size:85%;">Advertisements from 1970 Skin Diver magazines.</span></em></p><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS_rU-MF2fpyHsfeWUzToIGsWX90W870Pc3hL2Tvk_51GbODy0ShJvPLUtMkE_97clSCYeCw0gShKs3gOeeiDpH2PQfBkoOSSrbOWdgmu0n0N66wBd9M9O4wnKXMHVhcxX0RJ0v-VD9J8/s1600/Picture+009.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 148px; HEIGHT: 203px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626643021307178066" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS_rU-MF2fpyHsfeWUzToIGsWX90W870Pc3hL2Tvk_51GbODy0ShJvPLUtMkE_97clSCYeCw0gShKs3gOeeiDpH2PQfBkoOSSrbOWdgmu0n0N66wBd9M9O4wnKXMHVhcxX0RJ0v-VD9J8/s320/Picture+009.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7p6QrZn2eID7Vj5IVuLVCUsoGkJ-ik9GXDhr73DC9B9YsJlDOnig7hMIRo1caMQg3vkPKxsT68ff9zlwLKu5IN5kQPEvdOCkVrZmrIdXh-6pylw1cytGjlszV_UBOwCuJTTAvclKsK84/s1600/Picture+010.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 193px; HEIGHT: 203px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626643155206048370" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7p6QrZn2eID7Vj5IVuLVCUsoGkJ-ik9GXDhr73DC9B9YsJlDOnig7hMIRo1caMQg3vkPKxsT68ff9zlwLKu5IN5kQPEvdOCkVrZmrIdXh-6pylw1cytGjlszV_UBOwCuJTTAvclKsK84/s320/Picture+010.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUnyy0ZVB730SY2982ZZCA4DTHNNhfBv5zUkfVYEsXhB9cdb_AEZPIGk8IYpQHIxCwaICgfN4JPGYLVn2kBIfJeoUExnvdXe525bM0nxYY87jSTcQOLukrgu41FQUcATjVs_ajbVevBRo/s1600/Picture+012.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 134px; HEIGHT: 203px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626643457300852274" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUnyy0ZVB730SY2982ZZCA4DTHNNhfBv5zUkfVYEsXhB9cdb_AEZPIGk8IYpQHIxCwaICgfN4JPGYLVn2kBIfJeoUExnvdXe525bM0nxYY87jSTcQOLukrgu41FQUcATjVs_ajbVevBRo/s320/Picture+012.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJwibfHKUqXe8fmPTA_bKYEKRDCBc4tv3EMvrjXS3fgZoawXO6D-XJKBFYx34pWRY8cm3hqgfnO0GqFJm6zTjFRV2woVeN4DpztHUx0GafOQYPJ7Eg5mb4GwVb-XJK1h3NuIm0qQxxeuA/s1600/Picture+011.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 91px; HEIGHT: 203px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626643270605209490" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJwibfHKUqXe8fmPTA_bKYEKRDCBc4tv3EMvrjXS3fgZoawXO6D-XJKBFYx34pWRY8cm3hqgfnO0GqFJm6zTjFRV2woVeN4DpztHUx0GafOQYPJ7Eg5mb4GwVb-XJK1h3NuIm0qQxxeuA/s320/Picture+011.jpg" /></a><em><span style="font-size:85%;"></span></em></p><br /><p align="center"><em><span style="font-size:85%;">Advertisements from 1977 Skin Diver magazines.</span></em></p><em><span style="font-size:85%;"></span></em><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwglKajup7MTYKySoA-biNIun7SPjO_akdBbWX-g8TYKHq1xU6y3uvHfP6WBj1GHlbk1ER1WvaXSLxWaY1IliuiwBg3GZK_ojd8Q0mNaPIMb6L5A17HN-tPUsvocI9TnCcsKpaElN9Z7w/s1600/Picture+006.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 186px; HEIGHT: 278px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626658582202759842" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwglKajup7MTYKySoA-biNIun7SPjO_akdBbWX-g8TYKHq1xU6y3uvHfP6WBj1GHlbk1ER1WvaXSLxWaY1IliuiwBg3GZK_ojd8Q0mNaPIMb6L5A17HN-tPUsvocI9TnCcsKpaElN9Z7w/s320/Picture+006.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAh4A11NXHIIUQxckugVwpITnjaiUg72ZJZBntifNk2dFoKsL8R97SYwFcgJGC0qu-vf_nrXViMnLL0lAPN2jVGWgOt4iDRQ5Byu0jQIGTw9FfepHBbVEhAheCcrTkjD6JhVF9MkCrsg4/s1600/Picture+007.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 207px; HEIGHT: 278px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626987716089828498" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAh4A11NXHIIUQxckugVwpITnjaiUg72ZJZBntifNk2dFoKsL8R97SYwFcgJGC0qu-vf_nrXViMnLL0lAPN2jVGWgOt4iDRQ5Byu0jQIGTw9FfepHBbVEhAheCcrTkjD6JhVF9MkCrsg4/s320/Picture+007.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjdpN63Km-tBqjhTFI1YztcbtlwZ0AakhPinowJypkvFo2GgLGIMaNX-hbvXVAR1VeKRxRpzpPQ9OS01WlxCO7Dn0_bFVC3COyOJ09lePTNw90XZdXQC4upBkEprCI-fm2UdA3Fx8yqMs/s1600/Picture+008.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 196px; HEIGHT: 278px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626987962013488802" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjdpN63Km-tBqjhTFI1YztcbtlwZ0AakhPinowJypkvFo2GgLGIMaNX-hbvXVAR1VeKRxRpzpPQ9OS01WlxCO7Dn0_bFVC3COyOJ09lePTNw90XZdXQC4upBkEprCI-fm2UdA3Fx8yqMs/s320/Picture+008.jpg" /></a></p><br /><p align="center"><em><span style="font-size:85%;">Advertisements from 1984 Skin Diver magazines.</span></em></p><p align="left"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDJJ5rtrr7CwmDd0lBv67IJ8VlauhS1qKgQVA8Z8877M5sT4ssAcmCEhgNuP_5pll0Qjxq8m_YcNzrhPUqScXdBa9QeXRfq6MI9v-TRyaUMRoxSJvmhpV7S-i5SgvWqmWtIFQ8ALGUQWg/s1600/5966032_1_l.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 218px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5627018136629606002" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDJJ5rtrr7CwmDd0lBv67IJ8VlauhS1qKgQVA8Z8877M5sT4ssAcmCEhgNuP_5pll0Qjxq8m_YcNzrhPUqScXdBa9QeXRfq6MI9v-TRyaUMRoxSJvmhpV7S-i5SgvWqmWtIFQ8ALGUQWg/s320/5966032_1_l.jpg" /></a>Of course, the Muellers and Art McKee didn't have the luxury of wearing wetsuits in the early days, as they weren't "officially" invented until 1952 by Hugh Bradner (Taylor 2008). Over the years, as recreational diving became more popular and less expensive, style became an increasingly important component in marketing wetsuits. Let's face it, everyone wants to look good, especially when they are wearing a skin-hugging neoprene suit. The advertisements above clearly illustrate this, with color and designs increasing significantly over time, until ultimately exploding in a blinding flash of color and hair in the 1980's. Not everyone prefers a wetsuit (see Jacqueline Bisset in her famous diving outfit from the 1977 film <em>The Deep)</em>, but their functionality remains the most important factor in their success, keeping divers and other watersport enthuisiasts warm, bouyant and scrape-free.</p><p align="left">So the question now becomes: what do <em>you</em> like to wear when you dive? Do you have a favorite or funny diving outfit? We want to hear about it! Comment on our blog below or post a picture of your favorite diving outfit to our new <a href="http://www.flickr.com/groups/divingmuseum">Flickr pool</a>! To get the sharing started, here are photos of Erin and I modeling the very latest in wetsuit fashion. Ok, maybe not the <em>very</em> latest...but it certainly beats 1984!</p><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR5p32cEfnfDHKC639vnXHfFCs0XHEfiRn0UTEwGXBI52SXB4kVwJ1WfhaIsCBk5XYR_BrctMuDWIUPoxVTOzpEs-YayAis6Ek19uRloC9MYUF1xRBX9rZsu96l1vBfmLY7sQJ2iYVIF8/s1600/260477_10101108034671451_2001180_79611604_4044209_n.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 211px; HEIGHT: 165px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5627018250101731938" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR5p32cEfnfDHKC639vnXHfFCs0XHEfiRn0UTEwGXBI52SXB4kVwJ1WfhaIsCBk5XYR_BrctMuDWIUPoxVTOzpEs-YayAis6Ek19uRloC9MYUF1xRBX9rZsu96l1vBfmLY7sQJ2iYVIF8/s320/260477_10101108034671451_2001180_79611604_4044209_n.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqNk73rOfW9E7iprALZ1YihQCdmJ6LsO5E_3rEbK2dx23qc2VpRP9OITi_IHtpA4Qmf9rD8bOZfAKvJRANFgMPYS1UtufPb4lgHKdHluaT0BConHYHfYWtvh3ad-WWcxbXdIF9SzHFrnA/s1600/267342_10101108034481831_2001180_79611601_5356547_n.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 206px; HEIGHT: 165px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5627018257126001618" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqNk73rOfW9E7iprALZ1YihQCdmJ6LsO5E_3rEbK2dx23qc2VpRP9OITi_IHtpA4Qmf9rD8bOZfAKvJRANFgMPYS1UtufPb4lgHKdHluaT0BConHYHfYWtvh3ad-WWcxbXdIF9SzHFrnA/s320/267342_10101108034481831_2001180_79611601_5356547_n.jpg" /></a><br /><em><span style="font-size:78%;">Austin Bell and Erin Wolfe wetsuit modeling at the Marine Mammal Conservancy in Key Largo. </span></em></p>McKenney, Jack (1981). Wes and Connie Mueller: Pioneers in Underwater Cinematography<em>.</em> In <em>Skin Diver, </em>October 1981, Vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 44-46. <br /><p></p>Taylor, Michael (2008). Hugh Bradner, UC's inventor of wetsuit, dies. In <em>San Francisco Chronicle </em>(May 11, 2008)<em>. </em>Accessed July 8, 2011. <a href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/11/BANR10KEF8.DTL">Web link</a>.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-89599677546433176002011-06-30T12:46:00.026-04:002011-07-08T15:43:04.788-04:00Five Hobos in a Museum<p class="MsoNormal"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 278px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5624090017817741106" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdEw5JlgKlJilyBcrd6X6x016e-HnDcs68Yt9EixB9XsczVdD9CwOIC2lKU9UFNVXiUht42E5bg9g5UyZJnn33H3jJ-QhtIvsu_XuwT4VfBuKkKzSxCi8WWskFb_fJPIusQ5insZwPM-0/s320/Picture+008.jpg" />If you’ve been to the History of Diving Museum before, on your next visit be sure to keep a sharp eye out for something <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">new</span> in the exhibit galleries: hobos! No, not<span style="FONT-STYLE: italic"> that</span> kind of hobo. We still have enough mannequins to display all our diving suits and helmets, so there's no need to worry about the exhibits “coming to life.” I’m talking about HOBO data loggers, small electronic boxes that look like thermostats and monitor fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity. </p><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7YpWMJa1rYBZnrs1tzp1jaHSn4_6RLi-t2_LaWw1QLp_bklGJZI7bBQ_omTzrQ1q0uXDU-XHvSHU_gixYBq11s1-ZSX7N0b5F7qnxnm8WLQCR_N433K9A-kFqx9ikIAI47kHrudwepj8/s1600/Picture+006.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 221px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5624090988246313234" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7YpWMJa1rYBZnrs1tzp1jaHSn4_6RLi-t2_LaWw1QLp_bklGJZI7bBQ_omTzrQ1q0uXDU-XHvSHU_gixYBq11s1-ZSX7N0b5F7qnxnm8WLQCR_N433K9A-kFqx9ikIAI47kHrudwepj8/s320/Picture+006.jpg" /></a>Before you lose interest completely, I should emphasize just how important this acquisition is in the development of our young institution. Museums are charged with the task of preserving collections ‘in perpetuity,’ so that future generations may enjoy and study their contents. Unfortunately, time can be just as cruel to objects as it is to people, as everything “turns to dirt” across a long enough continuum. While museums will never be able to keep <i>everything</i> in their collections from disintegrating, there are certainly ways of extending the “lives” of objects. One of the biggest threats to an object’s longevity is its surrounding climate, so monitoring, stabilizing and maintaining that environment is crucial. The new data loggers will aid us in this task, as life in the tropical climate of the Keys can be especially harsh on certain materials.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 213px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5624090210693643074" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCzJojdpNYMTZjg3kVRCzmac0oa35qG7_Bk8v5jqGq-AIuGeQIFnIEacqi688dWqd8M6LGkql0KblCrIJn3WoZI0ArLz0vSe3M3i2sqz_JerxbNYkNl4x6lZFV7K8KIDbsFCRv9IUjIPE/s320/Picture+007.jpg" />You might being saying to yourself "Why are these objects so high maintenance? A small change in temperature or relative humidity doesn't affect me...and I'm a living thing!" Well, this may be true, but it has actually been determined that some objects are 100 times more sensitive to fluctuations in relative humidity than human beings (Cassar 1995)! Acidic paper, which is basically all paper ever produced until acid-free paper became an option in the 1950's, is a great example of this. For paper, the colder and drier it is, the better. In fact, if the storage temperature where reduced from 70°F to 40°F and the relative humidity from 50% to 5%, the potential lifespan of a piece of acidic paper would multiply by one thousand (Applebaum 1991)! That's the difference between preserving something for 50 years and 50,000 years!</p><p class="MsoNormal" face="georgia"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWOHi0YvcPMVj_avBKO4JrNDPwzVFaJ3buV3C_bTlITduYobWIeRRbokiKiZ-h2CoZXLjN8Sqo5seyDbwYWHyDPR7r09IsQa_zt-Gl638X7vBpXQ3uiZ3ScJ9XN0ZWlKail5zSsTB-RLU/s1600/Picture+009.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 240px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5624090293165904290" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWOHi0YvcPMVj_avBKO4JrNDPwzVFaJ3buV3C_bTlITduYobWIeRRbokiKiZ-h2CoZXLjN8Sqo5seyDbwYWHyDPR7r09IsQa_zt-Gl638X7vBpXQ3uiZ3ScJ9XN0ZWlKail5zSsTB-RLU/s320/Picture+009.jpg" /></a>Standard practice for general museum collections dictates a constant "ideal" temperature of 65 to 70° F and a constant relative humidity somewhere between 47 and 55% (Bachmann and Rushfield 1992; Simmons 2006). It can be a difficult task to achieve these conditions in the Keys, but we are trying to get as close to them as possible without completely blowing up our electricity bill. So next time you visit the museum and it seems a little chillier, just remember, it's all in the name of conservation! In the meantime, keep an eye out for those hobos!<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>References</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal">Applebaum, Barbara (1991). <i>Guide to environmental protection of collections</i>. Madison, Connecticut: Sound View Press. Print.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Bachmann, K. and Rushfield, R.A. (1992). Principles of Storage. In K. Bachmann (Ed.), <i>Conservation Concerns: A Guide for Collectors and Curators</i>, pp. 5-10. Washington; London: Smithsonian Institute Press. Print.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Cassar, May (1995). <i>Environmental Management: Guidelines for Museums and Galleries</i>. London; New York: Routledge. Print.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Simmons, J.E. (2006). <i>Things Great and Small: Collections Management Policies</i>. Washington: American Association of Museums. Print.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-1637528492996729472011-06-21T15:27:00.045-04:002011-07-20T19:48:40.919-04:00Getting A Handle on Things<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbWTXCO737n4sVJLDMkE5XqXGDT4kb_FGR8cf9wxtKavB6KyoE3fQ87g43hi4kX-tIWpmUcA_1VahPh_IK0qSc1xAvqx4Vc7Rm9vWMx_lsWSIFDjsK3P689zUTXEJoKxP_baDNabIsQ8M/s1600/L2010.2.1.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 303px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 191px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5621084911421064514" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbWTXCO737n4sVJLDMkE5XqXGDT4kb_FGR8cf9wxtKavB6KyoE3fQ87g43hi4kX-tIWpmUcA_1VahPh_IK0qSc1xAvqx4Vc7Rm9vWMx_lsWSIFDjsK3P689zUTXEJoKxP_baDNabIsQ8M/s320/L2010.2.1.jpg" /></a>Well, it's my second week here at the History of Diving Museum and I feel like I'm finally starting to get the hang of things. Erin and I have been photographing, cataloging and labeling objects in the museum's collections and I've learned more about diving in the last week than I had in the previous 26 years! One particularly interesting object that needed "collections attention" was a dagger handle salvaged from a Spanish shipwreck by Arthur McKee, known to many as the "father of modern treasure hunting."<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNJ5_jUkcWPRQNt6bG0zXuK_dB21E_-blNob3KSOvPYZWQSr_9HedGvjBumxi7yiGKdOBc5ONi2mnggUv2enknME8EVwSsy1d_uYFojV7EeEciRbrqO-miK6Dw2vqxOjO_rLD3uv_AaKk/s1600/am0065.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 245px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5621075532964968354" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNJ5_jUkcWPRQNt6bG0zXuK_dB21E_-blNob3KSOvPYZWQSr_9HedGvjBumxi7yiGKdOBc5ONi2mnggUv2enknME8EVwSsy1d_uYFojV7EeEciRbrqO-miK6Dw2vqxOjO_rLD3uv_AaKk/s320/am0065.jpg" /></a><br /><br />Art "Silver Bar" McKee (1910-1979) made a name for himself in the Florida Keys before scuba diving became a popular recreational activity. One of the few "celebrity divers," Art appeared both in LIFE Magazine and on the Dave Garroway Show in the 1950's. He is credited, along with Ed Link and Mendel Peterson, for the invention of the underwater metal detector, jet propulsion vehicle and sift cage. Art was also no stranger to museum collections, starting the world's first "Museum of Sunken Treasure" in 1949, just north of here on Plantation Key (now the Montessori School). In its time, Art's Museum of Sunken Treasure was the premier tourist attraction in the Upper Keys, composed of many local artifacts. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjK9RHtIRhZgZ6za4fyLfxST9PG393Lk1XbfwZTWSejH7WWYLozwGF2zZX-5lVmhgGDwnn2Yh6CdUb-pviAuqznx8z7LFewPsPVJ3bvxSkgatt0CwN8lUpPJQtOUDOXFb5AXXvyCduIPA/s1600/am0017.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 260px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5621087695232668162" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjK9RHtIRhZgZ6za4fyLfxST9PG393Lk1XbfwZTWSejH7WWYLozwGF2zZX-5lVmhgGDwnn2Yh6CdUb-pviAuqznx8z7LFewPsPVJ3bvxSkgatt0CwN8lUpPJQtOUDOXFb5AXXvyCduIPA/s320/am0017.jpg" /></a>Treasures from the shipwrecks of the 1733 Spanish Plate Fleet really built up Art's collection in the early days, as he salvaged them for years after receiving information regarding their fate from the Archive of the Indies in Spain in the late 1930's.<br />The ill-fated Spanish Fleet left port from Havana, Cuba on July 13, 1733 (Friday the 13th), bound for Spain and loaded with precious cargo. Little did they know of the approaching hurricane that two days later would ground most of the twenty-two ships in the shallow waters of the Keys. <img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 135px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 166px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5621077035810511826" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDG0wAcFrqBgMsuvGqSvnARAVX8vypBFAZehzINsdr0BtP2E4dtwjR79FGru0BxUjJfB4wJHfSAvVaNUqvCPDhIGXI1_0rCTICTWXBkUo0k0zyGfY5mD20C5u-WWwB7iasFfGlDFp6Dl4/s320/am0156.jpg" />Luckily for the Spanish, the hurricane was not a severe one, resulting in many survivors and the opportunity to recover many of the treasures themselves. Still, they couldn't salvage everything, leaving plenty behind for Art McKee to uncover more than 200 years later.<br /><br />The dagger handle, now on display at the History of Diving Museum, was one of the objects left behind by the Spanish and recovered by Art McKee. It is a wonderful piece of craftmanship, with a design resembling the head of a lion. When I first handled it in my cotton gloves, I couldn't help but imagine whose hands had gripped it in the past, and for what purpose? Art McKee liked it so much that he posed for a portrait with it (also seen in the exhibit)! Perhaps its original owner thought it so commonplace that they discarded it on purpose. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOmD_xN5awlpQsjXVk90oG4bHhT1sXhNAiROkI-uLS1U1z8cH3wWfscBrKKMwvhmhNSqvBIodHIVZe004PNskW_eizrN4FZ0cTp_qXbosvTEZCd4LoHTFWTnVrnmke9cc5pwz5H_k_2Bw/s1600/Austin_6.21.2011.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 243px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5621080143105687250" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOmD_xN5awlpQsjXVk90oG4bHhT1sXhNAiROkI-uLS1U1z8cH3wWfscBrKKMwvhmhNSqvBIodHIVZe004PNskW_eizrN4FZ0cTp_qXbosvTEZCd4LoHTFWTnVrnmke9cc5pwz5H_k_2Bw/s320/Austin_6.21.2011.jpg" /></a>Or perhaps it was lost in the mad scramble to shore after the ships ran aground! No one will ever know its exact history for sure, but it will fuel imaginations for years to come. That's part of what's so great about museums! Art certainly recognized that and his imaginative and adventuresome spirit lives on in the "Art McKee and the Treasure Hunters" gallery at the History of Diving Museum. If you are interested in seeing the dagger handle, be sure to visit the museum soon, as it is currently on loan from the collection of Carl Fismer!<br /><br /><br /><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigqOAHBAUHZ4sgtL6inpj4Ygme6KNOyfCA01gftGB9Him2Ou6gwgGVHvW0ebgHOIGj9_pxbOL7Y0kV1bkF7ntwFUVK84NTnAuGt1BfJ29Ni__p-TtC0lr8MiWblRH3ixldKseS9-XX0ro/s1600/L2010.2.1+%25285%2529.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 320px; HEIGHT: 256px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5621083201020447026" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigqOAHBAUHZ4sgtL6inpj4Ygme6KNOyfCA01gftGB9Him2Ou6gwgGVHvW0ebgHOIGj9_pxbOL7Y0kV1bkF7ntwFUVK84NTnAuGt1BfJ29Ni__p-TtC0lr8MiWblRH3ixldKseS9-XX0ro/s320/L2010.2.1+%25285%2529.jpg" /></a><br /></p><br /><br /><p align="center">Black and white photos of Art McKee courtesy of the <strong>State Archives of Florida</strong>.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-8957509722755009612011-06-16T16:13:00.006-04:002011-06-16T17:45:37.803-04:00Getting My Feet WetGreetings everyone!<br /><br />My name is Austin and I'm interning this summer at your favorite place for all things sub-aquatic, The History of Diving Museum! I'm a Museum Studies graduate student at the University of Florida in Gainesville (Go Gators!) and this is my first true excursion to the Florida Keys. So far, my experience has been everything I could have hoped for (and more). The people have been wonderful, warm and welcoming, as have the beautiful blue waters of Islamorada. I feel very "at home" here in the Keys thanks in large part to the generous hospitality of the History of Diving Museum staff, who have gone out of their way to ensure my comfort. Although, I imagine it's difficult to ever be <em>that </em>uncomfortable in a place like this!<br /><br />Over the next eight weeks I will be updating you on my adventures in the museum's collections, where Erin is graciously instructing me on proper organization, storage and conservation techniques. My background is in archaeology (and we don't have much diveable water in Gainesville), so this is all relatively new to me. Nevertheless, the items in the History of Diving's collection are fantastically interesting and I really look forward to learning more about them and diving in general! There's no better place to do it than in the Florida Keys! I'll be taking the museum's "Eat. Sleep. Immerse Yourself." slogan to heart this summer and hope to meet all of you in the process!Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-84044925643151010542011-05-29T13:05:00.000-04:002011-05-29T13:05:21.676-04:00Part II, the U.S. Navy Mark VHello HDM blog-followers! Good to have you back with us for Part II of the U.S. Navy Mark V saga! This blog entry will provide an overview of the components of the Mark V. For those of you who missed Part I, (the history of the Mark V) I urge you to reference back <a href="http://historyofdivingmuseum.blogspot.com/2010/08/us-navy-mark-v.html">here</a> before reading this blog.<br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><em>"The U.S. Navy Mark V is the most coveted and recognized diving helmet in the world. It embodies helmeted diving with its bold look, functional design and long-standing history in American diving."</em><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><div align="center"><strong>Stream-lining of the Mark Helmets</strong></div><br />An earlier age of diving pioneers held the belief that the more extravagant and involved a diving apparatus, the more sophisticated it was, and therefore, the better it would be to convey a diver to depth. By the turn of the twentieth century, helmet manufacturers came to this realization that the more extravagant the design, the better chance something would fail, and there began a shift toward simplicity.<br /><br />The U.S. Navy Mark V was created during the <em>diving craze</em> of the early twentieth century, when many different helmets were produced and knowledge about diving was becoming increasingly common. By 1917, G. L. Stillson completed the design of the Mark V, but at the time, no one could have foreseen the impact it would have on the history of diving.<br /><br />This, of course, begs the question, what was different about this helmet that separated it from helmets of the same generation? Well, when Stillson called for the standardization of the Navy dive program, they needed not only good equipment, but it had to be the best. Main considerations were that it had to be easily fixable, comprehensible by the average enlisted-man, and sufficient for deep-dives. The combination of these requirements produced a well-built unit that would be used by the U.S. Navy for more than fifty years!<br /><br />The design of the helmet, the placement of the components, and the size and weight considerations were completed by a process of trial and error. Four helmets were constructed and tried: the Marks I, II, III, and IV, and the best aspects from these four designs were used to build the Mark V helmet.<br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><strong>Early Mark Helmets: I-IV</strong><br /></div><br />Two companies manufactured the early Mark helmets. The Morse Company of Boston was first commissioned to build helmets to the navy standard. The identifying feature of the Morse helmets is the oval shaped side ports. The Shrader Company of New York was commissioned to build early Mark helmets as well but with their design instead, has circular side ports. Below are the Mark I-IV helmets made by Morse and Shrader: <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTp6GxyXojNZK0M64rHMqPC9_JcrHeNjceGDQTPVDoXldjLuDiPQp0OOYwhpyzXp_a_tiLUtJzO_oKoV8rYOzvkN0CL4lk7oOj6dzVfNrJLp4fIJTpadiH5lNzBBbSzqn20ZY9e781jTvI/s1600/Morse+Mark+1+revisited+x2.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 257px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5552468241715431042" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTp6GxyXojNZK0M64rHMqPC9_JcrHeNjceGDQTPVDoXldjLuDiPQp0OOYwhpyzXp_a_tiLUtJzO_oKoV8rYOzvkN0CL4lk7oOj6dzVfNrJLp4fIJTpadiH5lNzBBbSzqn20ZY9e781jTvI/s320/Morse+Mark+1+revisited+x2.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQBN-1xD2FkhWFtN18Q4TlIleX_xvm6p0cB35kiZaAcGBRN3LEyeQG-Qj05goC5kaQqe52OXWQfWKslz6KdNtL2Wk3HVepoxniDc9BP6sY6A_ek98km3AccoSqBn4TGEHFu6MYWseTiquN/s1600/Morse+Mark+III+revisited.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 277px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5552468628441205298" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQBN-1xD2FkhWFtN18Q4TlIleX_xvm6p0cB35kiZaAcGBRN3LEyeQG-Qj05goC5kaQqe52OXWQfWKslz6KdNtL2Wk3HVepoxniDc9BP6sY6A_ek98km3AccoSqBn4TGEHFu6MYWseTiquN/s320/Morse+Mark+III+revisited.JPG" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAOP-2_l3lj_ugemu84_uPollmaaqBrZWcE6D6frB_cNLiG141Vi20dOdVW1QgxNznae0ndfR0chMPD2pimtWlX63xBIi-llY4NRv6I8rPkTiwEo2DYXNbjYEkN0rWp2yJoPGdlaezaABY/s1600/Schrader+Mark+II+revisited.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 259px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5552468347080016562" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAOP-2_l3lj_ugemu84_uPollmaaqBrZWcE6D6frB_cNLiG141Vi20dOdVW1QgxNznae0ndfR0chMPD2pimtWlX63xBIi-llY4NRv6I8rPkTiwEo2DYXNbjYEkN0rWp2yJoPGdlaezaABY/s320/Schrader+Mark+II+revisited.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihoMzixyPmxQDhE86fzWq5wenR5i-yHxFE23-3zz_k6CI_xEDVXR3uazXSfa_JQv3CzAVh9MANR9CedNRSEMR8FQU8FLJRTFkCcPi1ibC6VHXz_HgflzqJmuQiqdeaTxg9J0Dyv1ryJUbF/s1600/M+Schrader+Mark+IV+revisited.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 276px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 321px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5552468888842103650" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihoMzixyPmxQDhE86fzWq5wenR5i-yHxFE23-3zz_k6CI_xEDVXR3uazXSfa_JQv3CzAVh9MANR9CedNRSEMR8FQU8FLJRTFkCcPi1ibC6VHXz_HgflzqJmuQiqdeaTxg9J0Dyv1ryJUbF/s320/M+Schrader+Mark+IV+revisited.JPG" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><br /></div><br /><div align="center"><strong>The protagonist, the Mark V...<br /></div></strong><br />The Navy used the Marks I-IV, as shown above, with great success for many years, but with four designs in circulation, there still wasn't a standard helmet for the diving program (which was the original purpose <span style="color:#000000;">of improving the diving program</span>). Incorporating various design features of the earlier Mark helmets, allowed for the Mark V helmet to take on a common shape and features.<br /><br />The Navy commissioned four companies to produce the Mark V diving helmets. They continued the already existing tradition with the Shrader and Morse Companies, but added the Diving Equipment and Supply Company (DESCO) of Milwaukee and the Miller-Dunn Company of Miami.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Morse Mark V</strong><br /><br /><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN-UzbGC4AmON59d1WADJUGLqe15BKsIFiWuXUi2dMQS_WQFetAHDMnAvlzjimH6nxWURY2oGmnePoIoez5RcHkLwkZ23QDmzJvKy62i2VqNOQoj2VzFvOLBgjVzG8SV6oLK-uqXq08hHC/s1600/Morse+Mark+V+for+BLOG.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 257px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 360px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5595903853293634578" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN-UzbGC4AmON59d1WADJUGLqe15BKsIFiWuXUi2dMQS_WQFetAHDMnAvlzjimH6nxWURY2oGmnePoIoez5RcHkLwkZ23QDmzJvKy62i2VqNOQoj2VzFvOLBgjVzG8SV6oLK-uqXq08hHC/s320/Morse+Mark+V+for+BLOG.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcP6iwXc5cPTKEpwQcdsHi3LYWSR9mpJgd1Hljdpt6W79h_kNaTd_oN8yV8jNoarTFsS0q9MXbjE0koR97eoWGX6P-Vof5w4Q_UqlTMMV6B5IgDijbDIQFYng5mMr66vRpyUnZiQrgy-U0/s1600/Label+Morse.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 274px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 195px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5595854805604983090" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcP6iwXc5cPTKEpwQcdsHi3LYWSR9mpJgd1Hljdpt6W79h_kNaTd_oN8yV8jNoarTFsS0q9MXbjE0koR97eoWGX6P-Vof5w4Q_UqlTMMV6B5IgDijbDIQFYng5mMr66vRpyUnZiQrgy-U0/s320/Label+Morse.JPG" /></a><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="left"><br /><br /><strong>Schrader Mark V</strong><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib1wNEFe_ssdYi_wQVPIuz0vCo7jj14kKvK-lghsPqPqA4GV4z34gZMxN97JTeZ5NJmp54uCQhAQw-pZXMGErVlkA3lBlS9x7j9qtn_aWtXK1WzZkNth_TfmcBm2dZ3icMuwIPdwrmuNlR/s1600/Shrader+Mark+V+for+BLOG.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 254px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 350px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5595896076522813106" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib1wNEFe_ssdYi_wQVPIuz0vCo7jj14kKvK-lghsPqPqA4GV4z34gZMxN97JTeZ5NJmp54uCQhAQw-pZXMGErVlkA3lBlS9x7j9qtn_aWtXK1WzZkNth_TfmcBm2dZ3icMuwIPdwrmuNlR/s320/Shrader+Mark+V+for+BLOG.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihqNDkruoZevWQER2GUZBnBRnfJHakKQfJTcXYhfWmiBoeb8XJuPOXmr-P_NSXGlOqSbzEZJ0xUM58soYFnG848PQCNbRpEGp6GKnz2gvPLqt5fujpXRWbwYuEWgqgSgdIgMDvf0lo8LFp/s1600/Label+Schrader.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 261px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 184px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5595856777096997154" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihqNDkruoZevWQER2GUZBnBRnfJHakKQfJTcXYhfWmiBoeb8XJuPOXmr-P_NSXGlOqSbzEZJ0xUM58soYFnG848PQCNbRpEGp6GKnz2gvPLqt5fujpXRWbwYuEWgqgSgdIgMDvf0lo8LFp/s320/Label+Schrader.JPG" /></a><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="left"><strong><strong>DESCO Mark V</strong></strong> <strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi00I5I3JeLMW_YcsGnjR4BkERcNpXmVSLlue8WB0puGVFx56FmdqKX8S7mK9q8Y4EJ9L79NvZzSEbV1hUnp8giS6xjoYZEcbOsA5y5pl5rZRh11z9_tMJtlZC-IiBmiHwUAr8uH_h-fvi9/s1600/Desco+Mark+V+for+BLOG.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 256px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 356px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5595896996526430898" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi00I5I3JeLMW_YcsGnjR4BkERcNpXmVSLlue8WB0puGVFx56FmdqKX8S7mK9q8Y4EJ9L79NvZzSEbV1hUnp8giS6xjoYZEcbOsA5y5pl5rZRh11z9_tMJtlZC-IiBmiHwUAr8uH_h-fvi9/s320/Desco+Mark+V+for+BLOG.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjufE52Uff4sKpNhASwOEGcwN3_ht5_A-kSEvH1T6f9cYtiP2PvUkeoV1P8IKoWz_MuA87vC0WXP4MDAu3d6FStA2zWqLTYNZ-bDuKQQ1wCjgLIxfDeTOEpEM13IOUR0JBeaCdH6gyHIxU0/s1600/Label+Desco.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 261px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 163px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5595893063105897090" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjufE52Uff4sKpNhASwOEGcwN3_ht5_A-kSEvH1T6f9cYtiP2PvUkeoV1P8IKoWz_MuA87vC0WXP4MDAu3d6FStA2zWqLTYNZ-bDuKQQ1wCjgLIxfDeTOEpEM13IOUR0JBeaCdH6gyHIxU0/s320/Label+Desco.JPG" /></a></strong><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="left"><br /><strong>Miller-Dunn Mark V</strong><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjthMuCHo3UUVCdO9RUrV0W_zpzQeR6K_BiomkxfsufsEBOHFNOe7Tp6HC0eec9pYbinA4gB2a6Rmbaf-cCPr8bX9DlCv1JAF_WYHZUgSLN94S1IbMng1iUOy2mwikNYBpuKwsc8uB9JOqa/s1600/Miller-Dunn+Mark+V+for+BLOG.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 259px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 339px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5602880636239535234" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjthMuCHo3UUVCdO9RUrV0W_zpzQeR6K_BiomkxfsufsEBOHFNOe7Tp6HC0eec9pYbinA4gB2a6Rmbaf-cCPr8bX9DlCv1JAF_WYHZUgSLN94S1IbMng1iUOy2mwikNYBpuKwsc8uB9JOqa/s320/Miller-Dunn+Mark+V+for+BLOG.JPG" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqYtW6PJ0nfiG7fpQYKwVP4QhrolKxyIgbPdSYqLz2mFezUF91utpg3QRKHaRRm5Ei0QSCopbrF55uYOkQfcFt924X_Fsju16avE4yYpbYWOR-rklwhIBk9c2vHEwp9bg19Y3XyDEqxSxA/s1600/Label+Miller+Dunn.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 260px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 153px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5595893636544159474" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqYtW6PJ0nfiG7fpQYKwVP4QhrolKxyIgbPdSYqLz2mFezUF91utpg3QRKHaRRm5Ei0QSCopbrF55uYOkQfcFt924X_Fsju16avE4yYpbYWOR-rklwhIBk9c2vHEwp9bg19Y3XyDEqxSxA/s320/Label+Miller+Dunn.JPG" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><br /><strong>Mark V Expanded</strong></div><br />The strategic placement of the components separated the Mark V from all other helmets. The Mark V remained the U.S. navy standard from 1915 to 1979 while it remained largely unchanged.<br /><br /><br /><br /><p align="center"><strong>Front View<br /></p></strong><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 474px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 415px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5602887282508114306" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0HuyvrK5X6kjrgNePpN4x0jQyWZkjQJpmHUe6Lc-y_nTMfkBtbqbH4T1VwaZ2ViKOtX1wllRGN2hChrQ-l9otZXo8BlAH6gNIiDRGIutWCLPPtoL7yPAKNBtYq8431BndO02jcUMPpvzN/s320/Mark+V+front+view.JPG" /><br /><br /><p align="center"><strong>Side View<br /><br /></p></strong><strong><br /><p align="center"></strong><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 483px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 408px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5602882179835946514" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjno03Zh_lb5tlB4AH_37mBugykyBNMIcloU7l_Bv2nn1CKzyyRVwoAfKCed5Y69URGjJ3BNfra2CzXgSqTnqAOGZ2iRhiF1HlICU9v0dq_7qYBys7KCAL1kvlRfA5tbhmDd864vdghSg0c/s320/Mark+V+side+view.JPG" /><strong>Top View </strong><br /></p><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 465px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 500px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5602962988723586338" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ-eGXv_oeryjnuZg3y4y3VTP0PCed8DqEbKfwATZQTUfPGGnOTZiDJbCoS5_3JqQ3fNVvTImNjxrDqTa_ZUzMoxKMGS8O92B0B8Y7r-WLFFPem9g0GitkdZzcG-x26BJ9ddDbmT3ErOwj/s320/Mark+V+top+view.JPG" /> <strong>Symbolism of the Mark V</strong><br /><br />The longevity of the helmet's application both militarily and commercially are are symbolic of the United States military at large. It stands as an identity of the ingenuity and design associated with the military similarly to the M16 rifle and the M113 tank.<br /><br /><br /><p align="left">If you ever get a chance to dive a Mark V you will understand why they are among the best ever made.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-23264840323660477352011-02-19T13:16:00.084-05:002011-03-11T10:55:49.960-05:00The World-Wide Impact of the South Florida Divinhood<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimqzT6Nv9A2cmr8EECd_F-MEdy39CbNq_fKJCkPPHfCkD3nV2FC_KtUYeKZHyhu5GFT1bQmGZFKivc1kdGbsnTDyuzkj4vNNnET_wEqqlQB0mbdNUijmvX1axau4H3do4BTeDptIBMYw1I/s1600/Divinhood+1.png"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 167px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 247px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576244551617329058" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimqzT6Nv9A2cmr8EECd_F-MEdy39CbNq_fKJCkPPHfCkD3nV2FC_KtUYeKZHyhu5GFT1bQmGZFKivc1kdGbsnTDyuzkj4vNNnET_wEqqlQB0mbdNUijmvX1axau4H3do4BTeDptIBMYw1I/s320/Divinhood+1.png" /></a>Florida Keys historians have emphasized treasure salvage, but overlooked that this started with an invention called the South Florida <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_0" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_0" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span>. Biologists alike have forgotten that modern marine biology <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_1" class="blsp-spelling-error">orginated</span> with the same apparatus, and at the same time, diving historians have overlooked that the same <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_1" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_2" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> started recreational sports diving right here in the Florida Keys. Likewise, each of these developments had an international impact, and in each, the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_2" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_3" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> served a key role as the catalyst. Here we will explore these interesting adventures and the impact of the South Florida <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_3" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_4" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span>.<br /><br /><strong><em>Miller and Dunn</em></strong><br /><br /><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>An <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_4" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">exaggeratedly</span> optimistic view describes one of the newest cities in the United States, Miami, Florida: "There is nothing finer in the world, than Miami with an up-to-date, go ahead class of people." It was a great place to live and make money, and if you couldn't succeed in M<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRFNq6IKUEM1c0VADdKYEm20ZJpMUSGu8-AZ0a1nVYFLgR_ezUuyt61AsZEZJ7PMf0rVhBcrNZ67LliJZ735CVVB-6nvOmHjFTAMuFi3CFbedNNJbGelMonlmxopAGcGSU9vCN2hMykkI6/s1600/Miller+on+sailboat.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 325px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 240px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575850091997451394" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRFNq6IKUEM1c0VADdKYEm20ZJpMUSGu8-AZ0a1nVYFLgR_ezUuyt61AsZEZJ7PMf0rVhBcrNZ67LliJZ735CVVB-6nvOmHjFTAMuFi3CFbedNNJbGelMonlmxopAGcGSU9vCN2hMykkI6/s320/Miller+on+sailboat.jpg" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_5" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_5" class="blsp-spelling-error">iami</span></span>, you would be a failure anywhere. Here was the best jail, an ice cream factory, free mail delivery, electricity, a telephone system, and four newspapers. Henry <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_6" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_6" class="blsp-spelling-error">Flagler</span></span> had built a complete infrastructure with all the modern conveniences to make Miami a tropical paradise and playground, prompting development, enterprise, and opportunities. </div><br /><div>It was in this vibrant "can-do" environment that 37 year-old William F. Miller arrived from <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_7" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_7" class="blsp-spelling-error">Evanston</span></span>, Illinois in 1902. He quickly and eagerly participated in the new and ample opportunities. Miller is shown here standing by the mast of his sail boat with his wife Carrie closest. </div><br /><div>William Miller invested in many businesses, but as fate would have it, he met the captain and craftsman William S. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYxMMXPdutjNpv6koMy61xOLDjgMV5D-37-QYFCBHhoWs2iIl4CFbCu-edmt2etOyQglfatJnQA6d92wHsV7HIPrwZa0YJBnXb5r-jzPn299ekDWnwiJldOFFlvZnDjfrQ9gBWIIQGweJ6/s1600/Miller-Dunn+label.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 214px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 94px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575852359013530802" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYxMMXPdutjNpv6koMy61xOLDjgMV5D-37-QYFCBHhoWs2iIl4CFbCu-edmt2etOyQglfatJnQA6d92wHsV7HIPrwZa0YJBnXb5r-jzPn299ekDWnwiJldOFFlvZnDjfrQ9gBWIIQGweJ6/s320/Miller-Dunn+label.jpg" /></a>Dunn. By 1913, Miller and Dunn <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_8" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">partnered</span> in hardware, plumbing, and tinning businesses in the center of town on Avenue D. Where Miller was an excellent business man, Dunn was on the opposite end of the spectrum and could build just about anything with his hands. Dunn made a number of useful inventions for the surrounding South Florida waters as he had the tools and materials necessary from his hardware and tinning stores. </div><br /><div><strong><em>The <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_9" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_8" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span></em></strong></div><br /><div>To quote a common cliche, "Necessity is the mother of invention!" The craftsman <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_10" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_9" class="blsp-spelling-error">Wi</span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyBel6Q4DfDS38CWgVgs5saLcM2XmLDek6H1Y-KDZUIlm8fCHEIxB32u4IrcJbpKkds4hoK3XekLnRfx_c7O3kZrlpel4RjkoP1w6kmuYoZv8BKwmHefBgxHAO-z8uh5wGjFtrJ4KcpfN9/s1600/Wooden+Divinhood.png"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 128px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 165px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576169324942564450" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyBel6Q4DfDS38CWgVgs5saLcM2XmLDek6H1Y-KDZUIlm8fCHEIxB32u4IrcJbpKkds4hoK3XekLnRfx_c7O3kZrlpel4RjkoP1w6kmuYoZv8BKwmHefBgxHAO-z8uh5wGjFtrJ4KcpfN9/s320/Wooden+Divinhood.png" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_11" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_10" class="blsp-spelling-error">lliam</span></span> Dunn found a growing need for a diving apparatus to recover items that had fallen into the Miami waterways. What he built was a simple diving helmet from a cylindrically shaped wooden nail barrel.<br /></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNg7fxvBWPQ5dUCGphH0LHg2Q0yabAOtcOhSNi3js0cG6rzMlXA55r9JY-ldTH-nLVmYU3gBfpPImdFzgWc1FAFzWMp9hzYz0-L0MRVM0H-YlDWhK8CPCQkp8a7D6QAsZmkZT8YC_P4GTf/s1600/Early+Divinhood.png"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 166px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 263px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576196628460814082" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNg7fxvBWPQ5dUCGphH0LHg2Q0yabAOtcOhSNi3js0cG6rzMlXA55r9JY-ldTH-nLVmYU3gBfpPImdFzgWc1FAFzWMp9hzYz0-L0MRVM0H-YlDWhK8CPCQkp8a7D6QAsZmkZT8YC_P4GTf/s320/Early+Divinhood.png" /></a>The final product was an open-bottom helmet called the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_12" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_11" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span>. It was a copper design that was light, simple, very practical, and easy to use. The patent would show a single viewing port, a handle on top to easily lift it over the dive<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP8_8ZTirHYuDVN0OWL5gc07-akX4O4kuZ3rstGXlEinpzt5IM-JuOtYH7N4QZX1dzIl5w7PQwQrv0n7ZgCK44pUfmEq9-Mk4dmW7ttYwEMl3E_H-_gZ0caFPM5DZvPE2iRdRFDec9sZfz/s1600/Dunn+Divinhood+label.png"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 205px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 106px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576190229672561490" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP8_8ZTirHYuDVN0OWL5gc07-akX4O4kuZ3rstGXlEinpzt5IM-JuOtYH7N4QZX1dzIl5w7PQwQrv0n7ZgCK44pUfmEq9-Mk4dmW7ttYwEMl3E_H-_gZ0caFPM5DZvPE2iRdRFDec9sZfz/s320/Dunn+Divinhood+label.png" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_13" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_12" class="blsp-spelling-error">r's</span></span> head, and an ordinary garden hose fitting that provided air to the diver. Imprinted on the helmet was the trademark "Dunn <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_14" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_13" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span>." The secret to its success and popularity was that it was so well adaptable it was perfect for diving in the warm, shallow waters of Miami and the Florida Keys. </div><br /><div>Miller and Dunn <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-AaonyWUB64ceZxolXc-Z-jhhgAf4YiA8UG6ZRR9C_b7BKnXYowekZDShVLmGSs_J18lhBJOzettWAytpvQTRXlaMJDtCThYUZPCvUjS45yghR368nQdjP3J-WNRnY-MW2zSrD3qvq9t9/s1600/Divinhood%252C+1%252C2%252C3+and+pump.png"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 294px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 179px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576191457182547650" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-AaonyWUB64ceZxolXc-Z-jhhgAf4YiA8UG6ZRR9C_b7BKnXYowekZDShVLmGSs_J18lhBJOzettWAytpvQTRXlaMJDtCThYUZPCvUjS45yghR368nQdjP3J-WNRnY-MW2zSrD3qvq9t9/s320/Divinhood%252C+1%252C2%252C3+and+pump.png" /></a>began commercially manufacturing the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_15" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_14" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> and advertised its application for a wide range of uses. Actually, a series of three <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_16" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_15" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> styles were developed: the Style 1 in 1916, the Style 2 in 1926, and the Style 3 in 1937. Alongside the helmet, Miller and Dunn developed compact double cylinder pumps in three improving designs for each successive <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_17" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_16" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> Style.</div><br /><div><strong><em>The World-Wide Impact </em></strong><br /><br />Some of the most common questions people ask are: "What were the helmets used for? Why make diving helmets? And, who needs them and for what?" The open-bottom helmet was so functional, it became a key technology in starting many fields related to diving. Accordingly each helmet style is credited with sparking a groundbreaking achieve<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj16qrsVCthkIG5x2Lz7sw2E3WA2AY9v4YZIe3-xGxgAk4FUFHJplKCRl26ldDNFMNw1upl4sKCYvyakKgqh-OmyCdPRbLl8rVYJ58tB-8335WR5qJQbgTBSkZnSfTaaeURhNVbkpwu4-lR/s1600/Rex+Beach.png"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 167px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 208px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576192081996958962" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj16qrsVCthkIG5x2Lz7sw2E3WA2AY9v4YZIe3-xGxgAk4FUFHJplKCRl26ldDNFMNw1upl4sKCYvyakKgqh-OmyCdPRbLl8rVYJ58tB-8335WR5qJQbgTBSkZnSfTaaeURhNVbkpwu4-lR/s320/Rex+Beach.png" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_18" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_17" class="blsp-spelling-error">ment</span></span>: sports diving with the Style 1, marine biology with the Style 2, and underwater photography and modern treasure diving with the Style 3. </div><br /><div>The Style 1 helmet was marketed to boaters seeking <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_19" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">on site</span> repairs and recovery of lost objects, but it was also useful for sports diving by non-diver amateurs and adventurers, mainly because of it's ease and simplicity. A popular advertisement for the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_18" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span> claimed that "A diving apparatus so simple anyone can use it."<br /><br />The Style 2 is credited with starting modern<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-aTr48eXv4h5XcaeWgYDR_LGb2-NQMOpb1BFBDpVMlj1V-YbmlSBFzGRy4JTcWAx0Si1B6yVuCYwZG1zukcd7d0Ep6AARL72vfP_LnCd2Uq-2uR0S-_k8f-u1rXQQa6rq7ALKAPEyIWVc/s1600/William+Beebe+in+the+2.png"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 151px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 213px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576192600379007714" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-aTr48eXv4h5XcaeWgYDR_LGb2-NQMOpb1BFBDpVMlj1V-YbmlSBFzGRy4JTcWAx0Si1B6yVuCYwZG1zukcd7d0Ep6AARL72vfP_LnCd2Uq-2uR0S-_k8f-u1rXQQa6rq7ALKAPEyIWVc/s320/William+Beebe+in+the+2.png" /></a> marine biology. The first scientist to discover the great potential of the simple <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_20" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_19" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> for underwater study and exploration was Dr. William Beebe. At the time, Dr. Beebe was the Director of Tropical Research at the New York Zoological Society. In 1926, during his cruise on his ship called the Arcturus, Beebe for<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy0uTFmxziX6SLJubN5_7Nxj8RL3RIOMldOVJqOaDILbDT9iSpk6Iu5oGfL6O8ADwJ7ldwKlBl0UIQ-JWss8Qy1WcfoMuXWgLR0cOKErqU4UdxeiXnJrCzQhzEA1wFE4wI8eZIbMBbPQpY/s1600/Arcturus+adventure.png"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 114px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 159px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576192875965908146" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy0uTFmxziX6SLJubN5_7Nxj8RL3RIOMldOVJqOaDILbDT9iSpk6Iu5oGfL6O8ADwJ7ldwKlBl0UIQ-JWss8Qy1WcfoMuXWgLR0cOKErqU4UdxeiXnJrCzQhzEA1wFE4wI8eZIbMBbPQpY/s320/Arcturus+adventure.png" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_21" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_20" class="blsp-spelling-error">tuitously</span></span> acquired the newly procured <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_22" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_21" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> and packed it in its <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_23" class="blsp-spelling-error">compact crate</span> amongst the cargo. His first dive was more than just an eye-opener for him. It exposed him to the unknown wonders of marine life and an easy way for sub-surface study. Upon entering the water, he instantly became converted from <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_24" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">ornithology</span> to marine biology. After he introduced the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_25" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_22" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> Style 2 for<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2rC6Fi9DBHDH-2ICE2ZIsootdfaK1oFL_crNYAK8-U3l8H5S2h8FML6HM0DRUNPZQNJermgY8X206qMunGJZ9CLARnzpQPr5K8pGTXVw_QWfSfFs7NyaSm-mhpIDE-B6bH_pDK7u7AC3y/s1600/Beebe+sorrounded+by+fish.png"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 247px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 154px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576193912429025506" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2rC6Fi9DBHDH-2ICE2ZIsootdfaK1oFL_crNYAK8-U3l8H5S2h8FML6HM0DRUNPZQNJermgY8X206qMunGJZ9CLARnzpQPr5K8pGTXVw_QWfSfFs7NyaSm-mhpIDE-B6bH_pDK7u7AC3y/s320/Beebe+sorrounded+by+fish.png" /></a> underwater study and photography, many other biologists followed his lead. The Style 2 was also widely used for motion pictures, initially by Beebe, and later by Hans <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_26" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_23" class="blsp-spelling-error">Hass</span> and</span> R W Miner.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Lastly, the Style 3 was <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQeWVjQIM2lHwRSdK0_4fTlCznCcw1-vamUnTbDAo4TyjoffB9zFWCMJKhRXi-7EgBqX1UxBe08e3Gz2Qhly9hw9_7vCOdSO5t6yaGN4yfAf1faWaChA80RADvwv-qUvX16rjhRBYFjXH-/s1600/Art+Mckee+in+full-dress.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 144px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576194444867520370" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQeWVjQIM2lHwRSdK0_4fTlCznCcw1-vamUnTbDAo4TyjoffB9zFWCMJKhRXi-7EgBqX1UxBe08e3Gz2Qhly9hw9_7vCOdSO5t6yaGN4yfAf1faWaChA80RADvwv-qUvX16rjhRBYFjXH-/s320/Art+Mckee+in+full-dress.jpg" /></a>becoming more common-place for those seeking access to the underwater environment, but the most interesting and picturesque character to use it was Art McKee, today a Florida Keys legend. A native of New Jersey, McKee was trained as a diver in heavy closed helmet gear. As the war approached, he took a job laying the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_27" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">pipeline</span> under the Keys' bridges for the Aqueduct Authority and for the Navy. Art then <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_28" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">discovered</span> the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_29" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_24" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> Style 3 and adopted it as his favorite<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIdgiqLb14J60THhfjuYWOTojiSu-dJyMni49aSCG2NJk5pt4GL3hKSqLRUT46C48XhqNcKsUKL5_CM1Xv3t_tcs_pAdUXZ92HxwPlnx67ai_0eaNzPoRHHoWtJfdQN1k2YnQXAwptcRi4/s1600/Art+on+divinhood.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 172px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 253px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576195023063957650" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIdgiqLb14J60THhfjuYWOTojiSu-dJyMni49aSCG2NJk5pt4GL3hKSqLRUT46C48XhqNcKsUKL5_CM1Xv3t_tcs_pAdUXZ92HxwPlnx67ai_0eaNzPoRHHoWtJfdQN1k2YnQXAwptcRi4/s320/Art+on+divinhood.jpg" /></a> helmet. Shedding the warm, heavy gear associated with full diving-dress, Art began a long <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_30" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">attachment</span> to his open-bottom <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_31" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_25" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span>. He <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_32" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">preferred</span> it even when early SCUBA became available and was used by all his diving companions and associates (note Art in the picture on the left using the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_33" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_26" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> while the others use modern diving <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_34" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">apparatuses</span>). Art <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_35" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_27" class="blsp-spelling-error">Mc</span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4P2VGO_p0Xx-k3uAwMd_vmfYHIW7yU591IK2vDz2cALwrVrtdyXOa78T7Zlxuuzny4q78BvPA8tD_1YmWOUa0VJsGDv6rD6cRrT6_YpRb6vGnoj7q_rbG_Ut1nnrUnAeccLHQzc3rM2Uc/s1600/Ed+Link%252C+Mendel+Perton%252C+Art+McKee.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 273px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 164px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576195423500330242" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4P2VGO_p0Xx-k3uAwMd_vmfYHIW7yU591IK2vDz2cALwrVrtdyXOa78T7Zlxuuzny4q78BvPA8tD_1YmWOUa0VJsGDv6rD6cRrT6_YpRb6vGnoj7q_rbG_Ut1nnrUnAeccLHQzc3rM2Uc/s320/Ed+Link%252C+Mendel+Perton%252C+Art+McKee.jpg" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_36" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_28" class="blsp-spelling-error">Kee</span></span> used the helmet <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_37" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">preferentially</span> for pipe-laying, treasure salvage, and to <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_38" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">initiate</span> sports diving for tourists in the Florida Keys before SCUBA in 1948. Of the many applications of the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_39" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_29" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span>, McKee initiated modern salvage diving using the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_40" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_30" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> Style 3 and became known as the Father of Treasure Salvage and also "Silver Bar McKee." </div><br /><div><strong><em>Homemade and Commercial Imitations</em></strong></div><div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU9pFX2sjoigytmwvz6_Fmuph67fuP5nFotfZhqD2jjNnLrQGFJf8HBkIq8qoB0T_tRRwCTzxs9Y6DoM-YfonT99WeBJtV1Akk1b53P7VPJlZUCsro3M5ZJ-4E5gsvZpwApAirwQLfu3V8/s1600/DSCN1474.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 167px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 225px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576205614513204034" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU9pFX2sjoigytmwvz6_Fmuph67fuP5nFotfZhqD2jjNnLrQGFJf8HBkIq8qoB0T_tRRwCTzxs9Y6DoM-YfonT99WeBJtV1Akk1b53P7VPJlZUCsro3M5ZJ-4E5gsvZpwApAirwQLfu3V8/s320/DSCN1474.JPG" /></a>The Miller-Dunn helmets were so functional they became widely imitated and replicated by others for their simplicity and <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_41" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">usefulness</span>. Craftsmen in their garages started using household items to build their very own version of the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_42" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_31" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span>. What they produced were many oddly shaped helmets with no two alike; however, they all shared one common feature: the open-bottom concept.<br /><br />Maybe the most famous <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_43" class="blsp-spelling-error">customized</span> helmet was designed for marine biologist, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_44" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_32" class="blsp-spelling-error">underwa</span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEhqQxOLKXnL6m7hkc2sOXVSfdGrheB4h0YbNNT8vX-TnVZ1TWCCySIyNJfeY1QSJC6hLLnkqzja8LPZGjfkOJscaMW27FW0bqt5gb60aqI_kB7uyz0jxEOxb-SO-2EOWdnCrKD4gizsm7/s1600/Hass+in+Viennesse+helmet.png"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 223px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 161px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576208129439114834" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEhqQxOLKXnL6m7hkc2sOXVSfdGrheB4h0YbNNT8vX-TnVZ1TWCCySIyNJfeY1QSJC6hLLnkqzja8LPZGjfkOJscaMW27FW0bqt5gb60aqI_kB7uyz0jxEOxb-SO-2EOWdnCrKD4gizsm7/s320/Hass+in+Viennesse+helmet.png" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_45" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_33" class="blsp-spelling-error">ter</span></span> educator and photographer, Hans <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_46" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_34" class="blsp-spelling-error">Hass</span></span>. Distance and brewing <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_47" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_35" class="blsp-spelling-error">pre</span></span>-war tensions encouraged him to have a helmet made in Vienna by a tinsmith with the concept of the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_48" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_36" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> in mind. Like Beebe, with this helmet he could now walk leisurely around the seabed and explore the reef. </div><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKUYkIRglH0j5HFd09LyeEM5cb1nLpUE_mB1QkOjG3gXjFUlb5mlv9cbUohFjJLVBfcaP_zNBnBKJQI3s-3rNk3VxeZKsiGxy-qVhweaQvPup_xUznDewGRLfqc5CpXeUwsIHLfWwrZ65z/s1600/DSCN1478.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 240px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576217371672839714" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKUYkIRglH0j5HFd09LyeEM5cb1nLpUE_mB1QkOjG3gXjFUlb5mlv9cbUohFjJLVBfcaP_zNBnBKJQI3s-3rNk3VxeZKsiGxy-qVhweaQvPup_xUznDewGRLfqc5CpXeUwsIHLfWwrZ65z/s320/DSCN1478.JPG" /></a>Realizing there was a demand for open-bottom helmets, many commercial manufacturers mimicked the concept. Companies that at one time exclusively built the helmets for the full diving dress were now producing open-bottom helmets that were as functionally sound as the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_49" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_37" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhoods</span></span>. For instance, the Hammond Company also of Miami, Florida built quite possibly the best open-bottom helmet design. The <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_50" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_38" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span> required four weights to overcome the force produced by the contained air. The Hammond helmet, on the other hand, was <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_51" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">constructed</span> of heavy brass and was absent of any additional weights. It was also very large with a huge viewing port. It was an absolutely fantastic design. </div><br /><div>Today, the open-bottom concept the Miller-Dunn Company <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9JM9aQmk9cePfIoVfTGoAj1xCA7YsqrgzXFF0lJ_qsVGr5cLQN69o3Lo-DllbAp6KbP-WDXwgIxyKnBgcuV9q7hFpO3x_6SqqArzkhwWqLkK9_WB0GTG4eLLENCEvBOOwUqWV6Sw61hRh/s1600/DSCN1477.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 137px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 168px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576218328534048418" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9JM9aQmk9cePfIoVfTGoAj1xCA7YsqrgzXFF0lJ_qsVGr5cLQN69o3Lo-DllbAp6KbP-WDXwgIxyKnBgcuV9q7hFpO3x_6SqqArzkhwWqLkK9_WB0GTG4eLLENCEvBOOwUqWV6Sw61hRh/s320/DSCN1477.JPG" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_52" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_39" class="blsp-spelling-error">popu</span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht80ITVlbZ8s-3JJFZVDcDV1VOPNPBT4Gq4i7N3_IsU0JBmzmdJDFQWGOGtJvRq3pcGac_Ityuh164PD26f6di8qNo9IElZgVoLJjXw7chLPaIfZt4M0U0rp9lQCSWpJrJaRu4YFavrVnL/s1600/DSCN1476.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 135px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 170px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576219139767311570" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht80ITVlbZ8s-3JJFZVDcDV1VOPNPBT4Gq4i7N3_IsU0JBmzmdJDFQWGOGtJvRq3pcGac_Ityuh164PD26f6di8qNo9IElZgVoLJjXw7chLPaIfZt4M0U0rp9lQCSWpJrJaRu4YFavrVnL/s320/DSCN1476.JPG" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_53" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_40" class="blsp-spelling-error">larized</span></span> is still <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_54" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">existence</span> today. The modern <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_55" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_41" class="blsp-spelling-error">SeaWalker</span></span> invented for resort diving is still used in parts of Japan for the same desired simplicity as the early <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_56" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_42" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span>. The helmet fits comfortably over the shoulders, and one can walk the ocean floor. The yellow <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_57" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_43" class="blsp-spelling-error">AquaBell</span></span> was also a popular recreational diving unit through the 1960's. It was mainly used by beach combers that would bring the plastic helmet along on their trip, fill the yellow ring with sand, and use the specially designed pump to supply air to the bell.</div><br /><div><em><strong>The Significant Impact that is the Miller-Dunn <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_58" class="blsp-spelling-error"><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_44" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span></span></strong></em><br /><br /></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE7XfZfU3bVSa4ID9UBS23N2fWke9kFh6Q4-lyaskTQvxTaTVKt9s9zzcdb9SBsb_XXdj7t3iNmrcf7DFPhKUE4w-aPBLVlSrs5kLIWJ4WUNFSaInyLs3q6O5uoiU7tRCv-RwhPA14oi5U/s1600/logo.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 230px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 217px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5576243670906233090" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE7XfZfU3bVSa4ID9UBS23N2fWke9kFh6Q4-lyaskTQvxTaTVKt9s9zzcdb9SBsb_XXdj7t3iNmrcf7DFPhKUE4w-aPBLVlSrs5kLIWJ4WUNFSaInyLs3q6O5uoiU7tRCv-RwhPA14oi5U/s320/logo.jpg" /></a>Although the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_59" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span> is now considered an obsolete technology with the advent of replacements such as SCUBA, fiber-glass helmets for commercial diving and submarines, their technological significance to the history of science and technology serves as an important learning tool. At the History of Diving Museum, the history of the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_60" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span> helmet is paramount to the story we tell here. It <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_61" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">encompasses</span> a large segment of the museum, a segment in history that exhibits six displays in the museum. Furthermore, the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_62" class="blsp-spelling-error">Divinhood</span> Style 2 is the logo for the History of Diving Museum because of its significance to South Florida, the Florida Keys legend Art McKee, and its groundbreaking design making it the logical identity of the museum.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-53215128881015992472010-10-11T13:53:00.119-04:002011-05-02T10:30:09.098-04:00Improbable Diving Machines<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE8KYiLmwVKR6ihE1slmgSxIYNO2Kv61FxXQ95n48wn1pF0Qlj2gBRQpA_4AyppwWw3OshAq3F-JVBMR7Tfy7G1TIzuSoKNdVA5jzWY04mf09DLVufk-JM-Ogck5-ifriClZuaVuFDpKXJ/s1600/HODMLOGO.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 118px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 127px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5542100387940453922" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE8KYiLmwVKR6ihE1slmgSxIYNO2Kv61FxXQ95n48wn1pF0Qlj2gBRQpA_4AyppwWw3OshAq3F-JVBMR7Tfy7G1TIzuSoKNdVA5jzWY04mf09DLVufk-JM-Ogck5-ifriClZuaVuFDpKXJ/s320/HODMLOGO.JPG" /></a>Welcome <em>back</em> to the History of Diving Museum Collections Blog! You may have noticed we have taken a month long hiatus from online diving history. We are pleased to be sharing all new topics on items within the museum's collection. In our second series, we will cover part II of the U.S. Navy Mark V, rebreathers, and much more, with pictures and information that won't be found anywhere else!<br /><br /><p align="left">This blog takes us back to the earliest of diving techniques...<br /><br />The first exhibits at the History of Diving Museum illustrate a historical timeline, which reinforces the idea that there has always been a natural fascination for <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBJCBxd9ZFG-cv8b_Ip77wOsmz_OP4ZV3v3vlVZRI1eN8_epZfGadEVnp46apapzRjF8IJHZJrLiy19nyLpQGLq3IComYbDWV0lzlXwkK-CMp6Tlu3AIBD5GZA8fsHAx6_4dBynUWamQ0d/s1600/DSCN1242.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 253px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 156px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5537971554005486098" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBJCBxd9ZFG-cv8b_Ip77wOsmz_OP4ZV3v3vlVZRI1eN8_epZfGadEVnp46apapzRjF8IJHZJrLiy19nyLpQGLq3IComYbDWV0lzlXwkK-CMp6Tlu3AIBD5GZA8fsHAx6_4dBynUWamQ0d/s320/DSCN1242.JPG" /></a>man to explore the deep sea, and before submarines, diving helmets and SCUBA, man employed a wide array of techniques to get there. As early as the first traces of mankind in ancient Mesopotamia, evidence confirms that diving techniques were used for a variety of applications. </p><br /><br /><p align="left">As with any history, we tend to interpret it linearly, meaning we look directly at what led to our successful technologies. This approach to history, however, neglects key developments that can prove very significant to its interpretation. In the historical timeline, improbable diving machines present that segment in history almost lost because of an indirect link to the diving techniques of today.<br /><br />The "Improbable Diving Machines" exhibit pays tribute to fanciful machines that were<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7bLNJPI6vGAc5DO5yvDnYMCrIxvagh6fLFehM2FUq28Cgf2VRVfRxqqK0GnSmllJfSFZKbXppizSprJmUm-S8ytO4eECuWQjzl-it9K7dbiiOLilb3D8_V_nmLC79K4CKwSd29JWWdRy9/s1600/DSCN1262.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 286px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5542087391818141090" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7bLNJPI6vGAc5DO5yvDnYMCrIxvagh6fLFehM2FUq28Cgf2VRVfRxqqK0GnSmllJfSFZKbXppizSprJmUm-S8ytO4eECuWQjzl-it9K7dbiiOLilb3D8_V_nmLC79K4CKwSd29JWWdRy9/s320/DSCN1262.JPG" /></a> complicated, involved, and often times, functionally unsound. Many are oddly shaped with unusual designs, but however strange they appear, they are significant to the history of diving; they stand as proof that man did whatever was necessary to venture beneath the sea, regardless of the risks involved. For this reason, improbable diving machines belong in the timeline of diving.</p><br /><br /><p align="left">Many of the improbable machines displayed in the exhibit have an easily identifiable design flaw. For instance<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyG1jfcLF5sG2L3NFlrJ2R8r3K20lGcLa0BdY7TeTXMI4nhC6MHI6HQCKC_-3cJe4C3DR9a_z_TzDvyUbt8deXO-sDHnhJ_1qbq3RV5aq7uF4HUPUCRGAonLh5FUNkVXHKB42hWaqNkQzm/s1600/DSCN1256.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 213px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 263px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5540955187295526338" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyG1jfcLF5sG2L3NFlrJ2R8r3K20lGcLa0BdY7TeTXMI4nhC6MHI6HQCKC_-3cJe4C3DR9a_z_TzDvyUbt8deXO-sDHnhJ_1qbq3RV5aq7uF4HUPUCRGAonLh5FUNkVXHKB42hWaqNkQzm/s320/DSCN1256.JPG" /></a>, most visitors to the museum can point out the flaw in the the leather hood and snorkel concept (pictured on the right). This whimsical machine was limited by the pressure on the diver's chest, which would have prevented him from inhaling air more than one or two feet deep (hence the length of the average snorkel). Another limitation is that the snorkel is made of leather, a collapsible material, which also would have failed because of the effects of the hydrostatic pressure. This apparatus has a unique design, and with certain tweaks (shortened length of the snorkel and constructed with a solid composite) it might have worked.</p><br /><br /><div>Although this exhibit is named for the improbability of the successful application of these machines, not all would have failed... </div><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyd17YgsKxf-am-Wz5JRmIdrF4fHYOsejSuRZaMwZY-y1CKsTH86DkGclBTZFbXa-zKvo8ahxbywfdmDbE7-OpaVTzOe_x5PSQ2_oz7x7UkinvG8sqlYhXWHPaFHrncpsscZr1BLv796FT/s1600/DSCN2262.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 169px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 199px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5542097024501814482" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyd17YgsKxf-am-Wz5JRmIdrF4fHYOsejSuRZaMwZY-y1CKsTH86DkGclBTZFbXa-zKvo8ahxbywfdmDbE7-OpaVTzOe_x5PSQ2_oz7x7UkinvG8sqlYhXWHPaFHrncpsscZr1BLv796FT/s320/DSCN2262.JPG" /></a>Take for example Frederic Drieberg's "Le Triton," a surprisingly complex diving machine first conceptualized in 1805. The <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4nx3jBglM0VfUN3LeM6eqlJzuvySqhS9qSJxubTlborLHNAivCvLjMisLvURH0A5rbd60Tixb0Qm62ABKGJstT7tNe0hinAhWs__MuVxEkdT64otMrAD7cEaCUDVIvhyHWv86cQW70JCk/s1600/DSCN1274.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 136px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 178px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5542100064135999186" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4nx3jBglM0VfUN3LeM6eqlJzuvySqhS9qSJxubTlborLHNAivCvLjMisLvURH0A5rbd60Tixb0Qm62ABKGJstT7tNe0hinAhWs__MuVxEkdT64otMrAD7cEaCUDVIvhyHWv86cQW70JCk/s320/DSCN1274.JPG" /></a>backpack contained two bellows activated by the diver moving his head back and forth. The bellows received air supply from the surface that supply air to the diver and also to his lamp. This early attempt at underwater lighting recognized that candle flame needs fresh air just as the diver would. The design, although highly unlikely to be of any purposeful application, could have worked in shallow-water. Along with this diving apparatus, the History of Diving Museum also displays Drieberg's original book "The Memoir of a New Diving Machine called Triton" illustrating this spectacular apparatus (written in 1811).<br /><br />Another improbable diving machine on display at the museum is the"copper kettle," designed by Karl Heinrich Klingert, a German-born mechanical engineer. Credite<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkFH3DksJyIy8QTJgBOB9zSJ0CXfSudgqpeBzRoRPmIZ5R00ZzqR1VNWfhMvnj7-2mlv-IdJBESWbStyBlvzDWmSyTVdAVle3Crdnmhprh_CUJHek_J3Y-DOzybIfdNfqpWkGq09DdaP5D/s1600/DSCN1261.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 119px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 147px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5542030016122752178" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkFH3DksJyIy8QTJgBOB9zSJ0CXfSudgqpeBzRoRPmIZ5R00ZzqR1VNWfhMvnj7-2mlv-IdJBESWbStyBlvzDWmSyTVdAVle3Crdnmhprh_CUJHek_J3Y-DOzybIfdNfqpWkGq09DdaP5D/s320/DSCN1261.JPG" /></a>d as an innovator in diving, his <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJTirWIVPIWEzGvxkLAUd80HuFyPDRRCj0FEOa9BqF7pcmpKq2pDjFIOgtFuoNGQhVtFzRqguD6DCpkz0q9AwSnYmS-HZjTboLsQIq9AW0A0jlsQtyh7raUAuCOGYAFsWLD3OcxB4mhs8q/s1600/shipwreckKlingert.bmp"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 137px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 147px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5540941262284251218" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJTirWIVPIWEzGvxkLAUd80HuFyPDRRCj0FEOa9BqF7pcmpKq2pDjFIOgtFuoNGQhVtFzRqguD6DCpkz0q9AwSnYmS-HZjTboLsQIq9AW0A0jlsQtyh7raUAuCOGYAFsWLD3OcxB4mhs8q/s320/shipwreckKlingert.bmp" /></a>copper kettle shares many similiarities to the diving helmet, which wouldn't be developed commercially for nearly a century. One of the first examples of self-contained diving, Klingert's design used a large reservoir piston or could be supplied from the surface. The copper kettle was used successfully in 1797, when a diver wearing Klingert's outfit removed a submerged tree limb from the River Oder in Germany.<br /></div><br /><br /><div>Although Drieberg's "Le Triton" and Klingert's "copper kettle" never became the standard diving equipmet, they are significant from the standpoint that there was great risk involved. They provide a broader understanding of man as an explorer, a maverick, and a dare devil that put life in harm's way to explore the unknown. The "Improbable Diving Machines" exhibit is significant to explain a segment in history where many different machines were tried, not to become pioneers in diving, but to better access the world around us.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-39326970912460727342010-08-16T11:27:00.091-04:002010-09-03T15:00:49.480-04:00The U.S. Navy Mark V<img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 238px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5512726977400863538" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHLTmUTII61-sQoRt2JWo2trNQp80qk6SCIT4k09ceJr1LhfH6KDuUtXctnCmE9C7V3JFfToFMWG22oc28luYqBgJu4CSy3dS4crIW15-FMhAKexgRRxUzwy9GeRqxxmb1EN8pr4JFznb-/s320/IMG_2268.jpg" />It's hard to believe, but the <em>History of Diving Museum Collections Blog</em> is entering into its third month of online diving history! The focus of this blog has been to inform readers on the history of artifacts within the collection. So far, I have chosen only those items with great significance to diving and Florida Keys history. Although diving bells, Art McKee, the first American diving helmet and the last petroleum lamp are very important, I have somehow neglected quite possibly the most important piece of diving history...<br /><br />The U.S. Navy Mark V is the most coveted and recognized diving helmet in the world. It embodies helmeted diving with its bold look, functional design and long-standing history in American diving. Navy Dive Master Carl Brashear (his story was the inspiration for the movie <em>Men of Honor</em>) used a Mark V during his career. Today, it symbolizes not only an important segment in diving history, but also stands as one of the most important technologies in the history of the world.<br /><br /><em><strong>On to the history...</strong></em><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6za8dq8QjRX-OlR68PTzz2icJ5_WZCT_FRjPaALJrlK0PndwsXL7nLMFxowP0zt_EiTh6BhrQ_8wmaqM9z9sN7hCAaLqeyW7okEalJ_V3P86wTcRgXQrDybUAffLp-z5M03G3ywftaM-q/s1600/IMG_2259.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 228px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 301px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5511610462704424770" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6za8dq8QjRX-OlR68PTzz2icJ5_WZCT_FRjPaALJrlK0PndwsXL7nLMFxowP0zt_EiTh6BhrQ_8wmaqM9z9sN7hCAaLqeyW7okEalJ_V3P86wTcRgXQrDybUAffLp-z5M03G3ywftaM-q/s320/IMG_2259.jpg" /></a>The U.S. Navy discovered a growing need for a standardized diving program. To the surprise of many, at the turn of the century the Navy had neither a standardized procedure or equipment for the diving program. Consequently, they were diving any and all equipment available, often with little knowledge of the dangers associated with diving.<br /><br />In 1912, Navy Gunner G.D. Stillson wrote a letter to the Bureau of Construction and Repair (Bureau of Ships as it is called today) concerning the current diving program or lack thereof! He assembled a team and began a critical analysis of existing diving procedures. In the following years, Stillson and his team were commissioned to evaluate, improve and redesign every part of the diving program.<br /><br />This evaluation produced two major developments. By 1915 G. D. Stillson, through the intercession of the Bureau of Construction and Repair, completed the first U.S. Navy guideline for diving know<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyRirkXKn0_oZCTo5p729Q0qajhZu81Vxyzlm9vMV9Gen7M0kfFfESqa5O9rMEJHin-bVRmuHNozYaUynv81UE5iLjOwIaFETKixHLYiHHK_DbdF5vVUg3oxtOv8BhMFwdPqAHfqotRkAw/s1600/stillson+report+on+deep+diving.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 146px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 228px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5511650058809491666" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyRirkXKn0_oZCTo5p729Q0qajhZu81Vxyzlm9vMV9Gen7M0kfFfESqa5O9rMEJHin-bVRmuHNozYaUynv81UE5iLjOwIaFETKixHLYiHHK_DbdF5vVUg3oxtOv8BhMFwdPqAHfqotRkAw/s320/stillson+report+on+deep+diving.jpg" /></a>n as the <em>Report on Deep Diving Tests</em>. This report served as the framework for Navy diving in the years to come. In it, Stillson discussed the necessary decompression times for deep dives, principles of pressure and most importantly, the equipment fostered through the program.<br /><br />In Stillson's evaluations, he tested a wide variety of diving equipment, mostly those from the Schrader and Morse Companies, but also equipment from Draeger and Siebe. In the two years leading up to the completion of the<em> Report on Deep Diving Tests</em>, a standardized equipment would be developed for the U.S. Navy, giving birth to the Mark I!<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQZFyUGz-96Mh321T_RkhQVfkuVkPVs9Jajp5oo7UWJVRz7NyzDN1_K-sipWFrevrtpGC2gXj1WZsk5GRIQ8r-xjJtG8dUY7JwNKSgq4CykALYCj8IiocWdpkXHDgd-3ZSva30PNL-9Dmb/s1600/Mark+V+helmet+diagram.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 304px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 247px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5512724802390829730" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQZFyUGz-96Mh321T_RkhQVfkuVkPVs9Jajp5oo7UWJVRz7NyzDN1_K-sipWFrevrtpGC2gXj1WZsk5GRIQ8r-xjJtG8dUY7JwNKSgq4CykALYCj8IiocWdpkXHDgd-3ZSva30PNL-9Dmb/s320/Mark+V+helmet+diagram.jpg" /></a>The Mark V helmet, the standardization of the diving program and the self evaluation of the program, symbolizes the future of the U.S. military as we know it. Mark, a work frequently associated with military hardware, simply means a 'standard' or 'variant.'<br /><br /><div><div><div><div><div>Stillson and the Navy experimented with four versions of the Mark helmets, the Mark I, II,III and IV. The Mark V combined the best aspects from the previous four helmets. The final version was completed in 1917 and remained largely unchanged until its decommission in 1984. It is believed that only a mere 7,000 to 10,000 were ever constructed.<br /><br />Four companies were commissioned to build the Mark V. The first Mark V helmet was made by the Morse Company; it is also the most common. Schrader, Desco and Miller-Dunn were also commissioned to build the Mark V. The Miami based Miller-Dunn Company produced the fewest helmets making them the rarest by today's standard. Out of the hundred or so helmets manufactured by the Miller-Dunn Company, the History of Diving Museum has two on display.<br /><br />A Mark V helium rebreather version was also developed. The helmet has a large helium scrubber on the back. Of course, adding a large helium scrubber serves as a reservoir for more air, adding increased force buoying the apparatus and diver to t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgsKv4dvQo9h9r7zvbSUcWcsqZ9vjh1cGIIrX7RwQBQT4jT5UqhTAMYrxF0FJiZ4kdUb6gy2MX-oIrhG7t0jv9v281cY2IEL0y8SmUzKB39aWEB6uIVDGoZZ15WQE4Znl7apQgEkzg2VbL/s1600/Mark+v+front+scrubber.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 105px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 136px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5511606258184011938" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgsKv4dvQo9h9r7zvbSUcWcsqZ9vjh1cGIIrX7RwQBQT4jT5UqhTAMYrxF0FJiZ4kdUb6gy2MX-oIrhG7t0jv9v281cY2IEL0y8SmUzKB39aWEB6uIVDGoZZ15WQE4Znl7apQgEkzg2VbL/s320/Mark+v+front+scrubber.jpg" /></a>he surface<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQrZUhaMh3w9e_svvYxh71ObiCmnQX69YaZ9cGv0Vewv7bV9SR_T0OKYNEa1q8rBvbG04sECrPB6_nhveLtJkr2c92W5gGNUl_orah3zpSb1lF5fvrgMOMUZo4-BMdiBUUam79IPs_BFGt/s1600/Mark+V+back+scrubber.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 105px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 135px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5511606511325820146" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQrZUhaMh3w9e_svvYxh71ObiCmnQX69YaZ9cGv0Vewv7bV9SR_T0OKYNEa1q8rBvbG04sECrPB6_nhveLtJkr2c92W5gGNUl_orah3zpSb1lF5fvrgMOMUZo4-BMdiBUUam79IPs_BFGt/s320/Mark+V+back+scrubber.jpg" /></a>. To offset this affect, the helium Mark V needed increased weight to compensate for this added force. The boots are larger and lace just below the knee (a rather stunning look for those who have seen the design). The 'Banana Exhaust' was moved from the back of the helmet to the top where it was excluded from its original placement due to the scrubber. Lastly, the dumbbell lock was moved from the rear of the helmet to the front.<br /></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjawhWaw_h8WHru5nkGy9fRt4NICX-V_FYl3auRkfY0kbzSQV2dvI_VeEsOJzJmT4H4MoN4-f5oFxHWJ0khXAy-hqNoJxWVDXxthrbdn4IM52ADLE7r3Uunwl9mamFznJj31zCmiYrFL85B/s1600/edited+mark+x11.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 232px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 252px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5512724081849333442" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjawhWaw_h8WHru5nkGy9fRt4NICX-V_FYl3auRkfY0kbzSQV2dvI_VeEsOJzJmT4H4MoN4-f5oFxHWJ0khXAy-hqNoJxWVDXxthrbdn4IM52ADLE7r3Uunwl9mamFznJj31zCmiYrFL85B/s320/edited+mark+x11.JPG" /></a></div><div></div><div><br />In the late 1970's, the Mark helmets changed completely. No longer a metallic base, the Marks are now fiber glass which changed the identity forever. HDM displays a newer version from the Mark line. The Morse Mark XII is the successor to their line of copper helmets. The top part of the helmet can be used alone for swim diving with air supplied by a hose from the surface, or a backpack or used with a 12-bolt attachment. It is much lighter than the original Mark V diving dress.<br /><br />The Mark V is the icon of helmeted diving, thus this blog cannot be completed without a more in depth look at the helmet. This will be a two-part blog; the second part will provide an overview of the components on the Mark V. If you would like to learn more about what made this helmet one of the best manufactured technologies of the twentieth century, stay tuned for our next blog! The <a href="http://divingmuseum.org/">History of Diving Museum</a> is the largest collection of historical diving apparatus in the world, we're proud to be your source for diving history!</div><br /><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><strong>Sources:</strong></div><div><a href="http://diveamarkv.com/4.html">http://diveamarkv.com/4.html</a> (accessed 08/28/2010)<br /><div><a href="http://www.divingheritage/markvkern.htm">http://www.divingheritage/markvkern.htm</a> (accessed 08/28/2010)</div></div><div><a href="http://www.pricesforantiques.com/">http://www.pricesforantiques.com/</a> (accessed 08/28/2010)</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6508869365568830560.post-35622211601432162342010-08-02T12:45:00.001-04:002011-01-04T11:30:48.412-05:00Petroleum Underwater Diver's Light, Cabirol, France c.1860<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7IXDyX4NbIPOYXgPzdfmgalkG4eyAaUG_K0eOWlwA8ZB-ZOs4d0cTusPoc6zLsDe1yPdmqBl5PoKfNbrRbPip9kz_1wHW9vUE_RdqmjSrNcV8QVW8M5t2KLXvWg6iJe9CW7x0FVEQXx_W/s1600/lamp+2.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 214px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5505710900484427250" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7IXDyX4NbIPOYXgPzdfmgalkG4eyAaUG_K0eOWlwA8ZB-ZOs4d0cTusPoc6zLsDe1yPdmqBl5PoKfNbrRbPip9kz_1wHW9vUE_RdqmjSrNcV8QVW8M5t2KLXvWg6iJe9CW7x0FVEQXx_W/s320/lamp+2.JPG" /></a> The History of Diving Museum (<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_0" class="blsp-spelling-error">HDM</span>) displays many artifacts that are one of a kind, the first or simply the rarest in existence. However, out of the many priceless artifacts, the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_1" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> Petroleum lamp is extremely rare and cannot be found anywhere else in the world.<br /><br />Significant from both a technological and conceptual standpoint, the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_2" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> Petroleum lamp was designed in 1860 by Joseph <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_3" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> in France. This grand petroleum lamp was made before electricity was used in underwater lighting! The <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_4" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> lamp predated the transition from open flame to electricity.<br /><br /><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>Now, to take a step back, it is best to understand the history of electricity to appreciate the significance of the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_5" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> lamp. A late 19<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_6" class="blsp-spelling-error">th</span> century design, it barely missed the jump from oil lighting to electricity (a fuel that would be outsourced shortly thereafter). The discovery of electricity dates back to 3rd century B.C.E. during the time of the Ancient Egyptians. Texts confirm an understanding of electrical charge created by fish. However, <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAxS7poPeh4-kd6hKYwwtq7hTj_Kdp0oV7CpT6wta2xbZ1aBOi7XldXLfuqZMVKbkAorgtst0sfupouO2dDuTc_ArtHm3qeKqS0GHzkY5V3kxtEZZnyOFbgMP7YGV4EjKSw4wiGjoZM1Yy/s1600/lamp+5.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 150px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 233px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502765708665665122" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAxS7poPeh4-kd6hKYwwtq7hTj_Kdp0oV7CpT6wta2xbZ1aBOi7XldXLfuqZMVKbkAorgtst0sfupouO2dDuTc_ArtHm3qeKqS0GHzkY5V3kxtEZZnyOFbgMP7YGV4EjKSw4wiGjoZM1Yy/s320/lamp+5.JPG" /></a>electricity and positive energy would remain an intellectual phenomenon for the next two-thousand years. Many credit Benjamin Franklin with the first discovery and application of electric charge in his famous, 'kite in a thunderstorm' experiment, but truthfully, it wasn't until the 19<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_7" class="blsp-spelling-error">th</span> century that Nikola Tesla, Thomas Edison, Otto <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_8" class="blsp-spelling-error">Blathy</span>, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_9" class="blsp-spelling-error">Anyos</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_10" class="blsp-spelling-error">Jedlik</span>, Sir Charles Parsons, George Westinghouse, Ernst Werner <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_11" class="blsp-spelling-error">von</span> Siemens, and Lord Kelvin transformed electricity from an intellectual curiosity to an essential tool for everyday life.</div><br /><div></div><div>From a design standpoint, the fuel source (petroleum) was held in the bottom canister. To keep the flame burning in the crystal sphere, a steady supply of oxygen was needed -- just as a diver would need fresh air. The air was provided by a dedicated 2-piston air pump contained in the pump box. The air was pumped through a set of rubberized hoses (in 1860!), down the lamp. The hot gases were then channeled out the top and through the pipes surrounding the crystal globe, where the h<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNJo3XTzk7FJu4I-3x5Mq_vcPvCjbZ3YOQOSifuEBn-WZBky-vGs9RC4nVZcRftdfTq9oF9ELGalTzxU8GMwl2jZ_RKJyQX3iiy-FR0OghjT_RwJnePCuXbfE14GdVsrdgVXdOzQ9Gocu4/s1600/Cabirol+Diver.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 178px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 216px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5503489134970115090" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNJo3XTzk7FJu4I-3x5Mq_vcPvCjbZ3YOQOSifuEBn-WZBky-vGs9RC4nVZcRftdfTq9oF9ELGalTzxU8GMwl2jZ_RKJyQX3iiy-FR0OghjT_RwJnePCuXbfE14GdVsrdgVXdOzQ9Gocu4/s320/Cabirol+Diver.jpg" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_12" class="blsp-spelling-error">ot</span> fumes were coolest to prevent scorching rubber return hoses.</div><br /><div></div><div>Due to a fortuitous accident, this rare lamp was preserved for 150 years! The petroleum flame was lit and the lamp was quickly closed to make it watertight. But before the lamp was lowered into the water, the crystal globe became too hot and cracked -- as can be seen on the lamp! Because the lamp was broken, it was condemned to a removed warehouse, where it was forgotten for a century and a half.</div><br /><div>The lamp is displayed in the "Abyss" exhibit at <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_13" class="blsp-spelling-error">HDM</span>.</div><br /><div></div><div><strong><em>The <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_14" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> Company</em></strong></div><br /><div></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxEt024aHc1VH4w_maygOml3KOsXWYBBC4D9RFNGe6Fcur3ZVbbNS8TDtNr6b6E6A71PDzwmTTaecYFnEbzbLAugYgARc4pMcPIPZPvIeKXIj0a5o-IRTEHcSme7rn6hAa-o45weRkd8s0/s1600/Cabirol+Factory.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 214px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 135px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5505708738147229410" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxEt024aHc1VH4w_maygOml3KOsXWYBBC4D9RFNGe6Fcur3ZVbbNS8TDtNr6b6E6A71PDzwmTTaecYFnEbzbLAugYgARc4pMcPIPZPvIeKXIj0a5o-IRTEHcSme7rn6hAa-o45weRkd8s0/s320/Cabirol+Factory.jpg" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_15" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> is also known in the historical diving community for its contribution to helmeted diving. Around 1842, the company began producing helmets; their inclusion of a top window separated their design from that of the Morse Company. Although few still remain, the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_16" class="blsp-spelling-error">HDM</span> collection owns a <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_17" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> helmet. An extremely rare artifact in its own right, missing the front port and <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_18" class="blsp-spelling-error">brails</span>, its dull color suggests the uncommon nature of the item. </div><br /><p>At the time, the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_19" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> Company was highly regarded in France and respected for their contributions in diving. The French, in their typical decadent fashion, pro<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI6deEWLOgypFsQF1xDgsGc9iUBGmb3K8VQGekO_XVXKuuDoH82ol0B6IFBbKKUGZvkog_M9Osj9DvRTBIuToCc9c_MuLnYemzRIH7Af-BaDvQotFMlc9KcmY8bTLrM9_TKtEF1mrRF3z4/s1600/cabirol+at+doors.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 187px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 234px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5505718948273966434" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI6deEWLOgypFsQF1xDgsGc9iUBGmb3K8VQGekO_XVXKuuDoH82ol0B6IFBbKKUGZvkog_M9Osj9DvRTBIuToCc9c_MuLnYemzRIH7Af-BaDvQotFMlc9KcmY8bTLrM9_TKtEF1mrRF3z4/s320/cabirol+at+doors.jpg" /></a><span id="SPELLING_ERROR_20" class="blsp-spelling-error">minently</span> displayed divers etched in stone with the inscription "<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_21" class="blsp-spelling-error">Famille</span> <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_22" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span>-<span id="SPELLING_ERROR_23" class="blsp-spelling-error">Ferrus</span>" on the steps of the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_24" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> factory. To our dismay, two larger divers <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_25" class="blsp-spelling-corrected">surrounded</span> the doors of the factory, carrying none other than the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_26" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> petroleum lamp. </p><p>Today, the <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_27" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> Company is no longer in existence. Once a small company in France, <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_28" class="blsp-spelling-error">Cabirol</span> was almost forgotten in diving history. <span id="SPELLING_ERROR_29" class="blsp-spelling-error">HDM</span> serves as the company's greatest monument and appreciation for their contribution to diving history.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0